Abstract
The interaction between diclofop-methyl {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] methyl propanoate} and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was evaluated. Foliar applications of the two herbicides in a tank mixture were antagonistic with respect to wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) control. Application of mixtures of the two herbicides to wild oat roots resulted in an additive herbicidal effect. The acid form of 2,4-D was determined to be the component of the 2,4-D formulation that reduced the toxicity of foliar-applied diclofop-methyl to wild oat. Analysis of diclofop-methyl solutions with and without added 2,4-D revealed no degradation products of dichlofop-methyl, nor any evidence of complexing between diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D. Addition of 2,4-D to the diclofop-methyl spray solution did not affect diclofop-methyl spray retention by, or penetration into, wild oat leaves. Movement of radioactivity to roots and to shoot apices following application of 14 C-diclofop-methyl to wild oat leaves was reduced by addition of 2,4-D to the treatment solution. Deesterification of diclofop-methyl was inhibited by 2,4-D. The accumulation of diclofop-methyl in these wild oat leaves resulted in membrane damage and leaf necrosis. Symplastic movement of the des-methyl acid, diclofop, to sensitive meristematic areas was reduced. As insufficient toxicant reached meristematic areas to permanently interrupt meristematic activity, the wild oat plants were able to outgrow the contact damage to their leaves.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar tank mixtures of the herbicides antagonized wild oat control.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- the two herbicides in a tank mixturee0
- Outcome
- wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) controle0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of the two herbicides in a tank mixture were antagonistic with respect to wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root application of the herbicide mixture produced an additive herbicidal effect.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- mixtures of the two herbicidese0
- Outcome
- herbicidal effecte0
- Direction
- additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of mixtures of the two herbicides to wild oat roots resulted in an additive herbicidal effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid form of 2,4-D reduced foliar diclofop-methyl toxicity to wild oat.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- The acid form of 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- toxicity of foliar-applied diclofop-methyle0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The acid form of 2,4-D was determined to be the component of the 2,4-D formulation that reduced the toxicity of foliar-applied diclofop-methyl to wild oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D did not alter diclofop-methyl spray retention or penetration in wild oat leaves.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- Addition of 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- diclofop-methyl spray retention by, or penetration into, wild oat leavese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 2,4-D to the diclofop-methyl spray solution did not affect diclofop-methyl spray retention by, or penetration into, wild oat leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D reduced movement of diclofop-methyl radioactivity to roots and shoot apices.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- roots and to shoot apicese0
- Treatment
- addition of 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- Movement of radioactivity to roots and to shoot apicese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Movement of radioactivity to roots and to shoot apices following application of 14 C-diclofop-methyl to wild oat leaves was reduced by addition of 2,4-D to the treatment solution.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D inhibited diclofop-methyl deesterification.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Deesterification of diclofop-methyl was inhibited by 2,4-D.”
t0“Wild Oat (Avena fatua)”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclofop-methyl accumulated in wild oat leaves and caused membrane damage and necrosis.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of diclofop-methyl in these wild oat leaves resulted in membrane damage and leaf necrosis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Symplastic movement of diclofop to sensitive meristems was reduced.
Verbatim
e0“Symplastic movement of the des-methyl acid, diclofop, to sensitive meristematic areas was reduced.”
t0“Wild Oat (Avena fatua)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild oat plants outgrew leaf contact damage because too little toxicant reached meristems to stop activity permanently.
Verbatim
e0“As insufficient toxicant reached meristematic areas to permanently interrupt meristematic activity, the wild oat plants were able to outgrow the contact damage to their leaves.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
2,4-D · pest · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
herbicide · control · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.