Abstract
Nitrogen overfertilization of 'Golden Reinders' apple trees, applied as extra doses to the soil or as a foliar aqueous solution led to different effects on plants. While soil applications had no effects on growth and cropping parameters, as compared with the control trees, foliar sprays promoted shoot growth and leaf extension, and resulted in a decrease in yield and crop-load, presumably due to a greater preharvest fruit drop. Phytotoxic damage was observed on leaves, but net photosynthesis remained unaffected, and mineral element concentration did not change due to the overfertilization, except for N, which increased only in the foliar spray treatment, and only late in the growing season.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil applications of extra nitrogen had no effect on growth and cropping parameters of apple trees compared with control trees
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- soil applicationse2
- Outcome
- growth and cropping parameterse2
- Direction
- no effectse2
- Comparator
- control treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e2“While soil applications had no effects on growth and cropping parameters, as compared with the control trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays of extra nitrogen promoted shoot growth and leaf extension of apple trees compared with control trees
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- foliar sprayse2
- Outcome
- shoot growth and leaf extensione2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Comparator
- control treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e2“as compared with the control trees, foliar sprays promoted shoot growth and leaf extension, and resulted in a decrease in yield and crop-load”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays of extra nitrogen decreased yield and crop-load of apple trees compared with control trees
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- foliar sprayse2
- Outcome
- yield and crop-loade2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- control treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e2“as compared with the control trees, foliar sprays promoted shoot growth and leaf extension, and resulted in a decrease in yield and crop-load”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in yield and crop-load under foliar sprays is presumably due to greater preharvest fruit drop
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- decrease in yield and crop-loade2
- Qualifier
- a greater preharvest fruit drope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e2“resulted in a decrease in yield and crop-load, presumably due to a greater preharvest fruit drop”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxic damage was observed on the leaves of apple trees under overfertilization
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Outcome
- Phytotoxic damagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e3“Phytotoxic damage was observed on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis of apple trees remained unaffected by overfertilization
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- net photosynthesise4
- Direction
- remained unaffectede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e4“net photosynthesis remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Overfertilization did not change the mineral element concentration of apple trees
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- overfertilizatione5
- Outcome
- mineral element concentratione5
- Direction
- did not changee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e5“mineral element concentration did not change due to the overfertilization, except for N, which increased only in the foliar spray treatment, and only late in the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray treatment increased leaf N concentration of apple trees only late in the growing season
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- foliar spray treatmente5
- Outcome
- Ne5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- only late in the growing seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“'Golden Reinders' apple trees”
e5“mineral element concentration did not change due to the overfertilization, except for N, which increased only in the foliar spray treatment, and only late in the growing season”