Abstract
A pot culture experiment on bio-hardening of the in-vitro raised plants of Bhagwa pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was conducted to find out the effect of two commercially available bio-formulations containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Aspergillus niger strain AN-27. Observations on root colonization, population dynamics of microbes in rhizospheric soil, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of biohardened plants were recorded at 180 days after inoculation. Results revealed that AMF colonization in roots of in-vitro raised pomegranate plants was found at par in plants inoculated with AMF (71.12%) and AMF + Asp (65.00%) the root colonization in these two treatments was significantly higher than Contral (10.00%). Population of Aspergillus niger in the rhizospheric soil was found significantly higher in soil inoculated with Aspergillus niger strain AN-27 (6 × 104 cfu/g of soil) as compared to non-inoculated control (2 × 104 cfu/g of soil). Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones. Physiological processes were also significantly improved by bio-hardening as AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control (87.76 % and 9.07 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) and only Asp treated plants (89.99% and 9.70 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively). AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control and only Asp treated plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
AMF root colonization was similar under AMF and AMF plus Aspergillus inoculation, at 71.12% and 65.00%.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatume0 - Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization in rootse0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 71.12%e0
- Comparator
- AMF + Aspe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization in roots of in-vitro raised pomegranate plants was found at par in plants inoculated with AMF (71.12%) and AMF + Asp (65.00%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF and AMF plus Aspergillus inoculation increased root colonization relative to control.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- these two treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 10.00%e0
- Comparator
- Contrale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root colonization in these two treatments was significantly higher than Contral (10.00%)”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus inoculation increased rhizosphere Aspergillus niger population to 6 × 104 cfu/g versus 2 × 104 cfu/g.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- soil inoculated with Aspergillus niger strain AN-27e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus niger strain AN-27
Aspergillus nigere0symbiont - Outcome
- Population of Aspergillus niger in the rhizospheric soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6 × 104 cfu/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 2 × 104 cfu/g of soile0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population of Aspergillus niger in the rhizospheric soil was found significantly higher in soil inoculated with Aspergillus niger strain AN-27 (6 × 104 cfu/g of soil) as compared to non-inoculated control (2 × 104 cfu/g of soil)”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-hardening increased plant height by 27.0% versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- bio-hardened plantse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27.0%e0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones.”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-hardening increased shoot fresh weight by 24.8% versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- bio-hardened plantse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 24.8%e0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones.”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-hardening increased root fresh by 23.3% versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- bio-hardened plantse0
- Outcome
- root freshe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 23.3%e0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones.”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-hardening increased dry weight by 15.7% versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- bio-hardened plantse0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 15.7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones.”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased RWC relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 92.34e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + Asp increased RWC relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF + Aspe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 91.74 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased photosynthesis relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 12.69e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + Asp increased photosynthesis relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF + Aspe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased total leaf chlorophyll relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.97e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + Asp increased total leaf chlorophyll relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF + Aspe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.14 mg/g fresh weighte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased total phenolic content relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 53.00e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + Asp increased total phenolic content relative to control and Aspergillus alone.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF + Aspe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt.e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control”
t0“Bhagwa pomegranate”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.