Abstract
The short-term effect of exposure (24 to 72 h) to various concentrations of CdCl 2 on cytokinin content, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide level, and reduced glutathione content, as well as the activities of representative enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, were investigated in soybean. In addition, the deleterious effects of cadmium poisoning on soybean growth and photosynthetic pigment content were recorded. Exposure to cadmium significantly inhibited growth and severely reduced photosynthetic pigment content. Cadmium treatment was also found to increase lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels, indicating that cadmium can induce an oxidative stress response in leaves. Inhibition of cytokinin fractions (zeatin and zeatine riboside) were also detected in all tested cadmium concentrations, zeatin being most severely affected. We also found that exposure to cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and altered glutathione content. This is representative of a cadmium-induced defense mechanism required to cope with elevated oxidative stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure significantly inhibited soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Exposure to cadmiume1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e1“Exposure to cadmium significantly inhibited growth and severely reduced photosynthetic pigment content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure severely reduced soybean photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Exposure to cadmiume1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment contente1
- Direction
- severely reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e1“Exposure to cadmium significantly inhibited growth and severely reduced photosynthetic pigment content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment increased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Cadmium treatmente2
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levelse2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e2“Cadmium treatment was also found to increase lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin fractions zeatin and zeatine riboside were inhibited in soybean at all tested cadmium concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- all tested cadmium concentrationse3
- Outcome
- cytokinin fractionse3
- Direction
- Inhibitione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e3“Inhibition of cytokinin fractions (zeatin and zeatine riboside) were also detected in all tested cadmium concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin was the cytokinin most severely affected by cadmium in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- all tested cadmium concentrationse3
- Outcome
- zeatine4
- Direction
- most severely affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e3“Inhibition of cytokinin fractions (zeatin and zeatine riboside) were also detected in all tested cadmium concentrations”
e4“zeatin being most severely affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- exposure to cadmiume5
- Outcome
- the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalasee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e5“exposure to cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- exposure to cadmiume5
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e5“exposure to cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium altered glutathione content in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- exposure to cadmiume6
- Outcome
- glutathione contente6
- Direction
- alterede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e6“exposure to cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and altered glutathione content”
Claim · model-written summary
The enzyme changes are interpreted as a cadmium-induced defense mechanism that copes with elevated oxidative stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- cope with elevated oxidative stresse7
- Qualifier
- cadmium-induced defense mechanisme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in soybean”
e7“This is representative of a cadmium-induced defense mechanism required to cope with elevated oxidative stress”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.