Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that may be toxic or even lethal to plants as it can be easily taken up by the roots and loaded into the xylem to the leaves. Using soybean roots (Glycine max L.) DM 4800, we have analysed various parameters related to reactive oxygen metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) during a 6 day Cd exposure. A rise in H(2)O(2) and NO, and to a lesser extent O(2)(·-) content was observed after 6 h exposure with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and carbonyl group content. Both oxidative markers were significantly reduced after 24 h. A second, higher wave of O(2)(·-) production was also observed after 72 h of exposure followed by a reduction until the end of the treatment. NOX and glicolate oxidase activity might be involved in the initial Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and it appears that other sources may also participate. The analysis of antioxidative enzymes showed an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity and in transcript levels and activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymes. These results suggest that soybean is able to respond rapidly to oxidative stress imposed by Cd by improving the availability of NADPH necessary for the ascorbate-glutathione cycle.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 and NO rose in soybean roots after 6 h of cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- H(2)O(2) and NOe1
- Direction
- risee1
- Qualifier
- after 6 h exposuree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A rise in H(2)O(2) and NO, and to a lesser extent O(2)(·-) content was observed after 6 h exposure”
e0“during a 6 day Cd exposure”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
O2(-) content rose in soybean roots to a lesser extent than H2O2 and NO after 6 h of cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- O(2)(·-) contente1
- Direction
- risee1
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A rise in H(2)O(2) and NO, and to a lesser extent O(2)(·-) content was observed after 6 h exposure”
e0“during a 6 day Cd exposure”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation and carbonyl group content increased in soybean roots after 6 h of cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and carbonyl group contente2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- after 6 h exposuree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and carbonyl group content”
e1“A rise in H(2)O(2) and NO, and to a lesser extent O(2)(·-) content was observed after 6 h exposure”
e0“during a 6 day Cd exposure”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Both oxidative markers were significantly reduced after 24 h of cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- Both oxidative markerse3
- Direction
- significantly reducede3
- Qualifier
- after 24 he3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Both oxidative markers were significantly reduced after 24 h”
e0“during a 6 day Cd exposure”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
A second, higher wave of O2(-) production was observed in soybean roots after 72 h of cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Outcome
- O(2)(·-) productione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- after 72 h of exposuree4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A second, higher wave of O(2)(·-) production was also observed after 72 h of exposure followed by a reduction until the end of the treatment”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione-S-transferase activity increased in soybean roots under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Outcome
- glutathione-S-transferase activitye5
- Direction
- increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The analysis of antioxidative enzymes showed an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity and in transcript levels and activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymes”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcript levels and activity of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymes increased in soybean roots under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Outcome
- enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymese5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- transcript levels and activitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The analysis of antioxidative enzymes showed an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity and in transcript levels and activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the NADPH-generating enzymes”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NOX and glycolate oxidase activity may be involved in the initial cadmium-induced ROS production in soybean roots.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Gene
- NOXe6
- Outcome
- initial Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productione6
- Qualifier
- glicolate oxidase activitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“NOX and glicolate oxidase activity might be involved in the initial Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production”
t0“Glycine max (L.) roots”
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