Abstract
Aim of study: Soils contaminated by heavy metals, such as cadmium, may reduce plant development. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGR), are used for optimizing the crops production in stressful environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Cd concentrations on the development of soybean seedlings under exogenous application of a commercial PGR.Area of study: Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.Material and methods: Soybean seeds were pre-treated in distilled water (control treatment) and in solution with plant growth regulator (PGR treatment) and then germinated with distillated water. The germinated seeds were transferred to different levels of Cd (0, 100, 500 and 900 mg of Cd).Main results: Cd exposure at increasing concentrations, decreased root development, (area, length and volume of roots) and activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and APX) and enhanced MDA. These responses were accentuated by the PGR exposition. The root morphology and activity of antioxidant enzymes presented "hormesis" responses until 500 mg L-1 of Cd, and the proline content may have played a fundamental role in the maintenance of metabolic activities and biomass.Research highlights: The results indicate that the use of PGR intensified the toxicity responses caused by exposure to increased Cd level. In addition, stress indicators such as MDA content and antioxidant activity in different organs (root and shoot) of soybean seedlings, responded differently according with the use of PGR under exposure of Cd.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd exposure decreased root development in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Cd exposure at increasing concentrationse0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Cd exposure at increasing concentrations, decreased root development, (area, length and volume of roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd exposure decreased the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and APX) in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposure at increasing concentrationse0
- Outcome
- activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and APX)e1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Cd exposure at increasing concentrations, decreased root development, (area, length and volume of roots)”
e1“activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and APX) and enhanced MDA”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd exposure enhanced MDA content in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposure at increasing concentrationse0
- Outcome
- MDAe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Cd exposure at increasing concentrations, decreased root development, (area, length and volume of roots)”
e1“activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and APX) and enhanced MDA”
Claim · model-written summary
Root morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity showed hormesis-type responses in soybean up to 500 mg L-1 of Cd.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cde2
- Outcome
- root morphology and activity of antioxidant enzymese2
- Qualifier
- until 500 mg L-1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e2“The root morphology and activity of antioxidant enzymes presented "hormesis" responses until 500 mg L-1 of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content may have played a fundamental role in maintaining metabolic activities and biomass of soybean seedlings under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- prolinee3
- Outcome
- maintenance of metabolic activities and biomasse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e3“the proline content may have played a fundamental role in the maintenance of metabolic activities and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of the growth regulator intensified the toxicity responses caused by increased Cd exposure in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- use of PGRe4
- Outcome
- toxicity responsese4
- Direction
- intensifiede4
- Comparator
- exposure to increased Cd levele4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e4“The results indicate that the use of PGR intensified the toxicity responses caused by exposure to increased Cd level”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth regulator changed MDA content and antioxidant activity differently in root and shoot of soybean seedlings under Cd exposure.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote5
- Treatment
- use of PGRe5
- Outcome
- MDA content and antioxidant activitye5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e5“stress indicators such as MDA content and antioxidant activity in different organs (root and shoot) of soybean seedlings, responded differently according with the use of PGR under exposure of Cd”
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