Abstract
The effects of nitrogen supply under low temperature on the pod setting and fertility of the soybean plants were studied with the solution culture method. The low temperature treatment were kept at 15°C for 30 days under three different stages around flowering time. The variation in pod number under the low temperature treatments ranged widely with nitrogen (N) supply conditions. High N application during the low temperature treatments caused a remark able decrease in pod number, comparing with a 23°C condition. On the contrary, low N application during the low temperature treatments showed little decrease in pod number in the same comparison. The effects of the low temperature treatments around flowering time on the pod setting rate and fertility per cent were checked with flowers grouped, in relation to their flowering date, in four classes. High N application during the low temperature treatments considerably decreased the pod setting rate of flowers and the fertility per cent of pods in the sensitive stage, indicated l0 or 15 days before flowering till flowering, under low temperature. On the other hand, in the case of low N application, little significant direct damage was observed, under the same treatments, but some indirect damage symptoms such as the decrease in the number of flowers and flower number per node or small sized plants were remarked under the low temperature treatment in the mid - bloom stage on the main stem. The flowers escaped from the effects of low temperature, and flowers on the plants grown in the 23°C plots, showed high pod setting rate, with high N application within both nodulating and non-nodulating strains. Furthermore, the plants grown under the high N conditions had a prolongation of the flowering period and an increase in the number of flowers. These facts indicate that the high N conditions were favorable for obtaining a greater number of pods, except for the flowering stage affected by the low temperature treatments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen during low temperature markedly decreased pod number versus 23°C.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- High N application during the low temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- 23°C conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application during the low temperature treatments caused a remark able decrease in pod number, comparing with a 23°C condition.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen during low temperature caused little decrease in pod number versus 23°C.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low N application during the low temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- littlee0
- Comparator
- same comparisone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low N application during the low temperature treatments showed little decrease in pod number in the same comparison.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen under low temperature considerably decreased flower pod setting rate during the sensitive stage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- High N application during the low temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pod setting rate of flowerse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- l0 or 15 days before flowering till floweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application during the low temperature treatments considerably decreased the pod setting rate of flowers and the fertility per cent of pods in the sensitive stage, indicated l0 or 15 days before flowering till flowering, under low temperature.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen under low temperature considerably decreased pod fertility in the sensitive stage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- High N application during the low temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fertility per cent of podse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- l0 or 15 days before flowering till floweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application during the low temperature treatments considerably decreased the pod setting rate of flowers and the fertility per cent of pods in the sensitive stage, indicated l0 or 15 days before flowering till flowering, under low temperature.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen under low temperature caused little significant direct damage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low N applicatione0
- Outcome
- little significant direct damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the case of low N application, little significant direct damage was observed, under the same treatments”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen under low temperature in mid-bloom reduced flower number and flowers per node.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- mid - bloom stagee0
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of flowers and flower number per nodee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in the number of flowers and flower number per node or small sized plants were remarked under the low temperature treatment in the mid - bloom stage on the main stem.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen under low temperature in mid-bloom produced small plants.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- small sized plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“small sized plants were remarked under the low temperature treatment in the mid - bloom stage on the main stem.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers escaping low temperature and flowers at 23°C had high pod setting with high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high N applicatione0
- Outcome
- high pod setting ratee0
- Comparator
- 23°C plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flowers escaped from the effects of low temperature, and flowers on the plants grown in the 23°C plots, showed high pod setting rate, with high N application within both nodulating and non-nodulating strains.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen prolonged the flowering period.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high N conditionse0
- Outcome
- flowering periode0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants grown under the high N conditions had a prolongation of the flowering period and an increase in the number of flowers.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased flower number.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high N conditionse0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants grown under the high N conditions had a prolongation of the flowering period and an increase in the number of flowers.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer high nitrogen favors more pods outside low-temperature-sensitive flowering.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high N conditionse0
- Outcome
- obtaining a greater number of podse0
- Qualifier
- except for the flowering stage affected by the low temperature treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high N conditions were favorable for obtaining a greater number of pods, except for the flowering stage affected by the low temperature treatments.”
t0“soybeans”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.