Abstract
Samples of burley, sun-cured, and flue-cured tobacco from the main producing areas of relevant tobacco types in China were collected to study the changes in tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) contents during storage and to investigate the effect of storage temperature and tobacco nitrate level on TSNA formation of cured tobacco. Contents of TSNAs in burley and sun-cured tobacco increased substantially during 1 year under natural storage environment, with total TSNA content increasing about 215% for both tobacco types. The most rapid increase occurred during the high temperature season. Temperature had a significant promoting effect on TSNA formation during storage. Storage temperature as high as 27 °C for 12 days was enough to induce the increase of TSNA formation, while the most significant effect was shown when the temperature was above 30 °C. The increased rate of accumulation became greater as the temperature increased. Total TSNA content in air-cured burley tobacco after the treatment of 60 °C for 24 days was 772% higher than that in the low temperature control. Different types of tobacco showed different results in terms of the response of TSNA formation to high temperature. TSNA formation in flue-cured tobacco did not increase after high-temperature treatment for 36 days, while burley and sun-cured tobacco saw a dramatic increase of TSNA content. This difference could be explained by the fact that burley tobacco and sun-cured tobacco usually had more than 10 times the nitrate content than flue-cured tobacco. As the nitrate nitrogen increased in cured burley tobacco, TSNA formation during leaf storage at high temperature significantly increased. Addition of nitrate onto flue-cured tobacco to the level equivalent to burley tobacco followed by high-temperature treatment increased the TSNA concentration comparable to burley tobacco. The interaction between high temperature and abundant nitrate content in cured tobacco could be responsible for TSNA formation during storage.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Total TSNA content increased about 215% in burley tobacco during one year of natural storage.
- Taxon
- burleye0
- Treatment
- natural storage environmente0
- Outcome
- total TSNA contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 215%e0
- Qualifier
- during 1 yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Contents of TSNAs in burley and sun-cured tobacco increased substantially during 1 year under natural storage environment, with total TSNA content increasing about 215% for both tobacco types”
Claim · model-written summary
Total TSNA content increased about 215% in sun-cured tobacco during one year of natural storage.
- Taxon
- sun-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- natural storage environmente0
- Outcome
- total TSNA contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 215%e0
- Qualifier
- during 1 yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Contents of TSNAs in burley and sun-cured tobacco increased substantially during 1 year under natural storage environment, with total TSNA content increasing about 215% for both tobacco types”
Claim · model-written summary
TSNA rose fastest in the high-temperature season.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The most rapid increase occurred during the high temperature season”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature significantly promoted TSNA formation in storage.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Temperature had a significant promoting effect on TSNA formation during storage”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 27 °C for 12 days increased TSNA formation.
- Treatment
- Storage temperature as high as 27 °C for 12 dayse0
- Outcome
- TSNA formatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Storage temperature as high as 27 °C for 12 days was enough to induce the increase of TSNA formation”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage above 30 °C had the strongest reported effect on TSNA formation.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the most significant effect was shown when the temperature was above 30 °C”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
TSNA accumulation rate increased as temperature rose.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The increased rate of accumulation became greater as the temperature increased”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 °C for 24 days, total TSNA in air-cured burley was 772% above the low-temperature control.
Verbatim
e0“Total TSNA content in air-cured burley tobacco after the treatment of 60 °C for 24 days was 772% higher than that in the low temperature control”
Claim · model-written summary
TSNA formation in flue-cured tobacco did not rise after 36 days of high-temperature treatment.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- high-temperature treatment for 36 dayse0
- Outcome
- TSNA formatione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“TSNA formation in flue-cured tobacco did not increase after high-temperature treatment for 36 days”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature dramatically increased TSNA in burley tobacco.
- Taxon
- burleye0
- Treatment
- high-temperature treatment for 36 dayse0
- Outcome
- TSNA contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high-temperature treatment for 36 days, while burley and sun-cured tobacco saw a dramatic increase of TSNA content”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature dramatically increased TSNA in sun-cured tobacco.
- Taxon
- sun-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- high-temperature treatment for 36 dayse0
- Outcome
- TSNA contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high-temperature treatment for 36 days, while burley and sun-cured tobacco saw a dramatic increase of TSNA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Burley and sun-cured tobacco usually contained over ten times the nitrate of flue-cured tobacco.
Verbatim
e0“burley tobacco and sun-cured tobacco usually had more than 10 times the nitrate content than flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate nitrogen in burley significantly increased TSNA formation during hot leaf storage.
Verbatim
e0“As the nitrate nitrogen increased in cured burley tobacco, TSNA formation during leaf storage at high temperature significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding nitrate to flue-cured tobacco at the burley level followed by heat increased TSNA to a comparable concentration.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of nitrate onto flue-cured tobacco to the level equivalent to burley tobacco followed by high-temperature treatment increased the TSNA concentration comparable to burley tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of heat and abundant nitrate may explain TSNA formation in stored cured tobacco.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between high temperature and abundant nitrate content in cured tobacco could be responsible for TSNA formation during storage”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.