Abstract
SummaryThe influence of increasing the phosphate concentration in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), ventilation using 500 ml jars covered with rigid, vented polypropylene closures and 1, 2, or 3% (w/v) sucrose on the incidence of hyperhydricity and on shoot proliferation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) were examined. Shoot proliferation from nodal explants was induced on MS medium containing 8.87 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), whereas shoot elongation and rooting were achieved on MS medium containing 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Hyperhydricity could be controlled, in part, by ventilation, and was completely eliminated by increasing the phosphate concentration of the MS growth medium to 6.45 mM. Moreover, explant growth and morphogenesis were also promoted by increasing the level of phosphate in the MS medium to 6.45 mM. In contrast to MS medium with the standard 1.25 mM phosphate, which produced 7.9 – 10.0 shoots explant–1, MS medium with an additional 5.20 mM phosphate produced 20.8 – 34.7 shoots explant–1, depending on providing ventilation and on the sucrose concentration. The water content of shoot clumps, which reflected a decrease in the proportion of hyperhydric shoots, decreased progressively by providing ventilation or by increasing the phosphate concentration. Plantlets were successfully acclimatised and transplanted in a greenhouse. The results suggested that container ventilation and MS medium enriched with 6.45 mM phosphate plus 3% (w/v) sucrose significantly improved the efficiency of mass micropropagation of D. caryophyllus cv. White Sim.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BAP medium induced shoot proliferation from nodal explants.
- Taxon
- carnation
Dianthus caryophyllust0 - Organ / stage
- nodal explantse0
- Treatment
- MS medium containing 8.87 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)e0
- Outcome
- Shoot proliferatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot proliferation from nodal explants was induced on MS medium containing 8.87 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA medium achieved shoot elongation and rooting.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- MS medium containing 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)e0
- Outcome
- shoot elongation and rootinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot elongation and rooting were achieved on MS medium containing 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventilation partly controlled hyperhydricity.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- ventilatione0
- Outcome
- Hyperhydricitye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Qualifier
- in parte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hyperhydricity could be controlled, in part, by ventilation”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate to 6.45 mM eliminated hyperhydricity.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- increasing the phosphate concentration of the MS growth medium to 6.45 mMe0
- Outcome
- Hyperhydricitye1
- Direction
- completely eliminatede0
- Value
- 6.45 mMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“completely eliminated by increasing the phosphate concentration of the MS growth medium to 6.45 mM”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
e1“Hyperhydricity could be controlled, in part, by ventilation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate to 6.45 mM promoted explant growth and morphogenesis.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- increasing the level of phosphate in the MS medium to 6.45 mMe0
- Outcome
- explant growth and morphogenesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 6.45 mMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“explant growth and morphogenesis were also promoted by increasing the level of phosphate in the MS medium to 6.45 mM”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional phosphate produced 20.8–34.7 shoots per explant versus 7.9–10.0 at standard phosphate.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- MS medium with an additional 5.20 mM phosphatee0
- Outcome
- shoots explant–1e0
- Direction
- producede0
- Value
- 20.8 – 34.7 shoots explant–1e0
- Qualifier
- 7.9 – 10.0 shoots explant–1e0
- Comparator
- MS medium with the standard 1.25 mM phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MS medium with the standard 1.25 mM phosphate, which produced 7.9 – 10.0 shoots explant–1, MS medium with an additional 5.20 mM phosphate produced 20.8 – 34.7 shoots explant–1”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventilation decreased shoot clump water content.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- providing ventilatione0
- Outcome
- water content of shoot clumpse0
- Direction
- decreased progressivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water content of shoot clumps, which reflected a decrease in the proportion of hyperhydric shoots, decreased progressively by providing ventilation or by increasing the phosphate concentration”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate decreased shoot clump water content.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- increasing the phosphate concentratione0
- Outcome
- water content of shoot clumpse0
- Direction
- decreased progressivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water content of shoot clumps, which reflected a decrease in the proportion of hyperhydric shoots, decreased progressively by providing ventilation or by increasing the phosphate concentration”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantlets were acclimatised and transplanted in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Outcome
- successfully acclimatised and transplantede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets were successfully acclimatised and transplanted in a greenhouse”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that ventilation with enriched phosphate and 3% sucrose significantly improved micropropagation efficiency.
- Taxon
- D. caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse0
- Material
- White Sime0
- Treatment
- container ventilation and MS medium enriched with 6.45 mM phosphate plus 3% (w/v) sucrosee0
- Outcome
- efficiency of mass micropropagatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“container ventilation and MS medium enriched with 6.45 mM phosphate plus 3% (w/v) sucrose significantly improved the efficiency of mass micropropagation of D. caryophyllus cv. White Sim”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.