Abstract
Stabilized shoot cultures initiated from crown material of six adult Quercus robur L. trees and from basal epicormic shoots of a Quercus rubra L. tree showed good in vitro rooting capacity. An initial five-day dark period generally improved the rooting response but was detrimental to plantlet quality. There were clonal differences in rooting capacity. The concentration and exposure time of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) treatment were critical for root induction. In both species, best rooting efficiency was achieved by culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoal. For all clones tested, the charcoal benefited both shoot quality and root system development, the latter being enhanced by the formation of many lateral roots. Total root system area and length, measured with a digital image analyzer, were significantly greater in medium containing charcoal than in medium lacking charcoal. Because darkening the basal part of the shoots with aluminum foil during the rooting phase only caused a small increase in rooting, we conclude that the large effect of charcoal on rooting was the result of adsorption of inhibitory compounds from the medium or the explant or both, rather than of basal darkening. Other factors affecting the rooting response of Q. robur were: (a) the position on the tree of the material from which cultures were initiated (the topophysical effect); and (b) shoot quality. Recycling the same horizontally placed explant on multiplication medium allowed three successive crops of shoots to be obtained, and rootability was typically maintained from crop to crop.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Adult Quercus robur shoot cultures showed good rooting capacity.
- Taxon
- Quercus robur L.
Quercus robure0 - Organ / stage
- crown materiale0
- Outcome
- good in vitro rooting capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stabilized shoot cultures initiated from crown material of six adult Quercus robur L. trees and from basal epicormic shoots of a Quercus rubra L. tree showed good in vitro rooting capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult Quercus rubra shoot cultures showed good rooting capacity.
- Taxon
- Quercus rubra L.
_(14092717698).jpg?width=60)
Quercus rubrae0 - Organ / stage
- basal epicormic shootse0
- Outcome
- good in vitro rooting capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(14092717698).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stabilized shoot cultures initiated from crown material of six adult Quercus robur L. trees and from basal epicormic shoots of a Quercus rubra L. tree showed good in vitro rooting capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
An initial five-day dark period generally improved rooting but harmed plantlet quality.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- initial five-day dark periode0
- Outcome
- rooting responsee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“An initial five-day dark period generally improved the rooting response but was detrimental to plantlet quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial darkness was detrimental to plantlet quality.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- initial five-day dark periode0
- Outcome
- plantlet qualitye0
- Direction
- detrimentale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“An initial five-day dark period generally improved the rooting response but was detrimental to plantlet quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rooting capacity differed among clones.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Outcome
- rooting capacitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“There were clonal differences in rooting capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA concentration and exposure time were critical for root induction.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- indolebutyric acid (IBA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- root inductione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“The concentration and exposure time of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) treatment were critical for root induction.”
Claim · model-written summary
Best rooting efficiency in Quercus robur used 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h followed by auxin-free medium with 1% charcoal.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoale0
- Outcome
- rooting efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“In both species, best rooting efficiency was achieved by culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Best rooting efficiency in Q. rubra used 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h followed by auxin-free medium with 1% charcoal.
- Taxon
- Q. rubraQuercus rubrat0
- Treatment
- culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoale0
- Outcome
- rooting efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur and Q. rubra”
e0“In both species, best rooting efficiency was achieved by culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Charcoal benefited shoot quality and root system development through many lateral roots.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- charcoale0
- Outcome
- shoot quality and root system developmente0
- Direction
- benefitede0
- Qualifier
- formation of many lateral rootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur”
e0“For all clones tested, the charcoal benefited both shoot quality and root system development, the latter being enhanced by the formation of many lateral roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Charcoal significantly increased total root system area and length.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- medium containing charcoale0
- Outcome
- Total root system area and lengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- medium lacking charcoale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur”
e0“Total root system area and length, measured with a digital image analyzer, were significantly greater in medium containing charcoal than in medium lacking charcoal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal darkening with aluminum foil caused only a small increase in rooting.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- darkening the basal part of the shoots with aluminum foile0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- smalle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur”
e0“darkening the basal part of the shoots with aluminum foil during the rooting phase only caused a small increase in rooting”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed charcoal's large rooting effect to adsorption of inhibitory compounds.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Qualifier
- adsorption of inhibitory compounds from the medium or the explant or bothe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur”
e0“we conclude that the large effect of charcoal on rooting was the result of adsorption of inhibitory compounds from the medium or the explant or both, rather than of basal darkening.”
Claim · model-written summary
Source position and shoot quality affected Quercus robur rooting.
- Taxon
- Q. roburQuercus robure0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- rooting responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other factors affecting the rooting response of Q. robur were: (a) the position on the tree of the material from which cultures were initiated (the topophysical effect); and (b) shoot quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Recycling horizontally placed explants yielded three successive shoot crops with rootability typically maintained.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- Recycling the same horizontally placed explant on multiplication mediume0
- Outcome
- three successive crops of shootse0
- Qualifier
- rootability was typically maintained from crop to crope0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Quercus robur”
e0“Recycling the same horizontally placed explant on multiplication medium allowed three successive crops of shoots to be obtained, and rootability was typically maintained from crop to crop.”
The same questions in other papers
charcoal · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 6 papers →indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Quercus rubra (red oak)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →aluminium atom · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
class · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
in vitro · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 5 papers →class · growth · Quercus rubra (red oak)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →in vitro · growth · Quercus rubra (red oak)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.