Abstract
Abstract In plant cultivation, morphophysiological status of the plantlets is crucial. We aimed to assess how activated charcoal (AC) and synthetic auxins, separately and in combination, affect the biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology of Quercus robur plantlets. Two concurrent experiments were conducted using indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as exogenous auxins, with or without AC. Plantlets grown without exogenous auxins and AC displayed weak root development, reduced functionality, lower photosynthetic pigments, and elevated starch and free IAA content. Incorporating IAA or IBA into the medium triggered positive morphophysiological changes, such as aerenchyma formation, increased hydrogen peroxide, and reduced free IAA levels in the in vitro-produced clones. Plantlets cultured with 2 g L −1 AC exhibited higher biomass and more photosynthetic pigments. AC also enhanced the photosynthetic apparatus, as indicated by higher total performance index (PI (TOTAL) ) values. Importantly, AC improved rooting success and overall morphophysiological condition, regardless of exogenous auxin presence. These findings provide novel insights into in vitro rooting modulation with AC and exogenous auxins, promising advancements in the growth and performance of Q. robur plantlets.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Without exogenous auxins and activated charcoal, oak plantlets had weak root development and reduced functionality.
- Taxon
- Quercus robur
Quercus roburt0 - Treatment
- without exogenous auxins and ACe0
- Outcome
- weak root development, reduced functionalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets grown without exogenous auxins and AC displayed weak root development, reduced functionality, lower photosynthetic pigments, and elevated starch and free IAA content”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Without exogenous auxins and activated charcoal, plantlets had lower photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets grown without exogenous auxins and AC displayed weak root development, reduced functionality, lower photosynthetic pigments, and elevated starch and free IAA content”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Without exogenous auxins and activated charcoal, plantlets had elevated starch and free IAA content.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Outcome
- starch and free IAA contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets grown without exogenous auxins and AC displayed weak root development, reduced functionality, lower photosynthetic pigments, and elevated starch and free IAA content”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA or IBA application induced aerenchyma formation.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- IAA or IBAe0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma formatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporating IAA or IBA into the medium triggered positive morphophysiological changes, such as aerenchyma formation”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA or IBA application increased hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- IAA or IBAe0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporating IAA or IBA into the medium triggered positive morphophysiological changes, such as aerenchyma formation, increased hydrogen peroxide”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA or IBA application reduced free IAA levels.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- IAA or IBAe0
- Outcome
- free IAA levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporating IAA or IBA into the medium triggered positive morphophysiological changes, such as aerenchyma formation, increased hydrogen peroxide, and reduced free IAA levels”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated charcoal increased plantlet biomass.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- 2 g L −1 ACe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets cultured with 2 g L −1 AC exhibited higher biomass and more photosynthetic pigments”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated charcoal increased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- 2 g L −1 ACe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets cultured with 2 g L −1 AC exhibited higher biomass and more photosynthetic pigments”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated charcoal raised the total performance index of the photosynthetic apparatus.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- ACe0
- Outcome
- total performance index (PI (TOTAL) )e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AC also enhanced the photosynthetic apparatus, as indicated by higher total performance index (PI (TOTAL) ) values”
t0“Quercus robur”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated charcoal improved rooting success and morphophysiological condition regardless of exogenous auxins.
- Taxon
- Quercus roburQuercus roburt0
- Treatment
- ACe0
- Outcome
- rooting success and overall morphophysiological conditione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of exogenous auxin presencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AC improved rooting success and overall morphophysiological condition, regardless of exogenous auxin presence”
t0“Quercus robur”
The same questions in other papers
charcoal · growth · Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.