Abstract
These studies in series were devoted to clarify the characterstics of white belly rice kernel which had an opaque part at the ventral portion of its endosperm. In this experiment, the stage of initiation of white belly in the developing kernel and the relationship between occurrence of white belly and dehydration of kernel were investigated. The varieties used were Nihonkai, Kinmaze, Norin no. 8, Gohyakumangoku (Sakamai) and Sekaiichi (upland rice) of Japonica and Keikyakusen of Indica type of rice. The following results were obtained. I. Stage of initiation of white belly in fresh kernel differed with variety. In case of varieties which characterized by high occurrence and large size of white belly (external-internal white belly type), the initiation began 15-18 days after flowering when the kernel gained 89-95% of dry weight and 28-29% of moisture. The varieties featured by small white belly (external white belly type), on the other hand, initiated white belly 24-32 days after flowering when the kernel nearly attained its maximum dry weight and the moisture content of kernel decreased to 23-25%. Percentage of white belly increased with the progress of maturation and dehydration. The highest value of white belly was indicated with the attainment of maximum dry weight in case of external-internal white belly type and that of full ripe stage in case of external white belly type. 2. Initiation of white belly in dry kernel occurred earlier than that of fresh kernel. In case of external-internal white belly type, the stage of initiation was 12-15 days after flowering when the kernel had 33-34% of moisture and dry weight index value of 79-83. Whereas, in case of external white belly type, the initiation occurred 19-23 days after flowering when the kernel had 26-29% of moisture and dry weight index value of 88-92. The percentage of white belly increased with the development of kernel and reached at its highest value when the kernel just before attained maximum dry weight in case of external-internal white belly type and when the kernel attained maximum dry weight in case of external white belly type. 3. When the premature fresh kernel were dried artificially, the white belly appeared as the moisture content decreased and the moisture content at which the white belly initiated differed with the kernel age. 4. In fresh kernel, the moisture content of ventral portion was higher than that of dorsal portion, but this moisture state was reversed after the kernel was dried. This phenomenon seemed to indicate that the ventral portion of kernel had less deposition of storage matter and stronger dehydration capacity than the dorsal portion. It was also thought that this phenomenon might be related to the formation of porous tissue of white belly on the ventral portion of kernel. 5. In the premature fresh kernel of Gohyakumangoku a white core variety, the white core occurred with the progress of artificially dehydration in the same way as that of white belly, but the occurrence of white core was associated with slightly lower moisture range than that of white belly. 6. The occurrence of white belly was influenced by the condition of drying. And the dryings which resulted to the rapid dehydration of premature kernel increased the occurrence of white belly.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh external-internal kernels initiated white belly 15-18 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- external-internal white belly typee1
- Outcome
- initiatione0
- Value
- 15-18 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initiation began 15-18 days after flowering when the kernel gained 89-95% of dry weight and 28-29% of moisture”
t0“rice kernel”
e1“varieties which characterized by high occurrence and large size of white belly (external-internal white belly type)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh external white-belly kernels initiated white belly 24-32 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- initiated white bellye0
- Value
- 24-32 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“initiated white belly 24-32 days after flowering when the kernel nearly attained its maximum dry weight and the moisture content of kernel decreased to 23-25%”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
White-belly percentage rose during maturation and dehydration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- maturatione0
- Outcome
- Percentage of white bellye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of white belly increased with the progress of maturation and dehydration.”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh external-internal white belly peaked at maximum dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- highest value of white bellye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of white belly was indicated with the attainment of maximum dry weight in case of external-internal white belly type”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh external white belly peaked at full ripeness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- white bellye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of white belly was indicated with the attainment of maximum dry weight in case of external-internal white belly type and that of full ripe stage in case of external white belly type”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
White belly initiated earlier in dry kernels than fresh kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Initiation of white bellye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- fresh kernele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initiation of white belly in dry kernel occurred earlier than that of fresh kernel.”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry external-internal kernels initiated white belly 12-15 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- stage of initiatione0
- Value
- 12-15 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stage of initiation was 12-15 days after flowering when the kernel had 33-34% of moisture and dry weight index value of 79-83”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry external white-belly kernels initiated white belly 19-23 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- initiatione0
- Value
- 19-23 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initiation occurred 19-23 days after flowering when the kernel had 26-29% of moisture and dry weight index value of 88-92”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
In dry kernels, white-belly percentage increased with development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- development of kernele0
- Outcome
- percentage of white bellye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of white belly increased with the development of kernel”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry external-internal white belly peaked just before maximum dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- highest valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached at its highest value when the kernel just before attained maximum dry weight in case of external-internal white belly type”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry external white belly peaked at maximum dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- white bellye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the kernel attained maximum dry weight in case of external white belly type”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial drying caused white belly to appear in premature kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dried artificiallye0
- Outcome
- white belly appearede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the premature fresh kernel were dried artificially, the white belly appeared as the moisture content decreased”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The moisture threshold for white-belly initiation differed by kernel age.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- kernel agee0
- Outcome
- moisture content at which the white belly initiatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the moisture content at which the white belly initiated differed with the kernel age”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh-kernel ventral moisture exceeded dorsal moisture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- moisture content of ventral portione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dorsal portione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In fresh kernel, the moisture content of ventral portion was higher than that of dorsal portion”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying reversed the ventral versus dorsal moisture pattern.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- kernel was driede0
- Outcome
- moisture statee0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this moisture state was reversed after the kernel was dried”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer less storage deposition and stronger dehydration in ventral tissue.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ventral portion of kernele0
- Outcome
- less deposition of storage matter and stronger dehydration capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ventral portion of kernel had less deposition of storage matter and stronger dehydration capacity than the dorsal portion”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors link ventral moisture behavior to porous white-belly tissue formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ventral portion of kernele0
- Outcome
- formation of porous tissue of white bellye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this phenomenon might be related to the formation of porous tissue of white belly on the ventral portion of kernel”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial dehydration produced white core in premature Gohyakumangoku kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Gohyakumangokue0
- Treatment
- artificially dehydratione0
- Outcome
- white core occurrede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the premature fresh kernel of Gohyakumangoku a white core variety, the white core occurred with the progress of artificially dehydration”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
White core occurred at a lower moisture range than white belly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- moisture rangee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- white bellye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the occurrence of white core was associated with slightly lower moisture range than that of white belly”
t0“rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid drying increased white-belly occurrence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dryings which resulted to the rapid dehydratione0
- Outcome
- occurrence of white bellye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dryings which resulted to the rapid dehydration of premature kernel increased the occurrence of white belly”
t0“rice kernel”