Abstract
SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and irrigation on yield components of olive trees (Olea europaea L. ‘Leccino’) planted at 6 m 3.8 m in a sandy-clay soil. Different crop loads were established by manual thinning of fruits. Drip irrigation was managed to maintain pre-dawn leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within the following ranges: (i) higher than –1.1 MPa (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between –1.0 and –3.3 MPa (DI; deficit irrigated); or (iii) below –1.2 MPa, but not lower than –4.2 MPa (SI; severe deficit irrigated). The irrigation period lasted from 6 – 16 weeks after full bloom (AFB) in 2003, and from 5 – 19 weeks AFB in 2004. In 2003, full bloom was on 26 May; in 2004, it was on 3 June. Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected flowering or flower quality the following Spring. The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively. The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively. Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB. At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits. The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees. The oil content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPa. The oil content of FI trees at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm–2 trunk cross-sectional area. However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees. Fruit maturation was delayed by irrigation. Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation regime and crop load did not affect subsequent flowering or flower quality.
- Taxon
- olive trees
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- irrigation regime nor crop loade0
- Outcome
- flowering or flower qualitye0
- Direction
- Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected flowering or flower quality the following Spring.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe deficit irrigation yielded 49.0% of fully irrigated fruit yield.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- SIe0
- Outcome
- combined fruit yieldse0
- Value
- 49.0%e0
- Comparator
- FI treese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation yielded 81.6% of fully irrigated fruit yield.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- combined fruit yieldse0
- Value
- 81.6%e0
- Comparator
- FI treese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe deficit irrigation produced 52.5% of fully irrigated oil yield.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation produced 81.2% of fully irrigated oil yield.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully irrigated fruits were heavier at eight weeks after bloom.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- Fruit FWse0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Qualifier
- 8 weeks AFBe0
- Comparator
- DI or SI treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully irrigated trees had the largest fruits at harvest.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- largest fruitse0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Comparator
- SI treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe deficit irrigated trees had the smallest fruits at harvest.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- SIe0
- Outcome
- smallest fruitse0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Comparator
- FI treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest fruit fresh weight decreased with crop load under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- FWs of individual fruitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- as crop load increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest fruit fresh weight decreased with crop load under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- FWs of individual fruitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- as crop load increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit fresh weight had no apparent relation to crop load under severe deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- SIe0
- Outcome
- relationshipe0
- Direction
- no such relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesocarp oil content increased with pre-dawn leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- mesocarpe0
- Outcome
- oil content of the mesocarpe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPa.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest oil content decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 53.1% to 45.7% dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm–2 trunk cross-sectional areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil content of FI trees at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm–2 trunk cross-sectional area.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop load did not affect mesocarp oil content under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- crop loade0
- Outcome
- oil content of the mesocarpe0
- Direction
- did not have any effecte0
- Qualifier
- DI treese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation delayed fruit maturation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Fruit maturatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit maturation was delayed by irrigation.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturation index decreased as crop load increased under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- Maturation indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- crop load on FI or DI trees increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturation index decreased as crop load increased under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- Maturation indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturation index did not vary with crop level under severe deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- SIe0
- Outcome
- Maturation indexe0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees.”
t0“olive trees”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: general · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →irrigation · phenology · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.