Abstract
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs the use of higher plants for the clean up contaminated environment. Phytoextraction, the use of plants to extract toxic metals from contaminated soils, has emerged as a cost-effective, environment-friendly clean up alternative. Pot culture experiments using radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was performed to investigate lead (Pb) phytotoxic effects on antioxidant enzymes and other early warning biomarkers of soil Pb exposure. The study included an assessment of heavy metal accumulation in root, shoot and leaf, effect of lead stress on growth parameter (root length, root and shoot dry weight), photosynthetic pigment content, bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes. Results demonstrated that efficient Pb uptake was observed by the roots in contaminated plants. Root growth was higher in control plants, as compared to the contaminated. Lead exposure also influenced biochemical and physiological parameters. Administration of excess of lead was followed by an increase of Pb accumulation in leaves, and associated symptoms of toxicity. Typical symptoms of Pb toxicity developed 30 days after the beginning of treatment. Chlorophyll concentration was decreased in response to heavy metal toxicity. Activity of anti-oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and catalase were increased in response to oxidative stress. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for analysis of heavy metal in soil and plant samples. The results of this research showed that radish are hyperaccumulator plants that can concentrate heavy metals in their different parts, thus they can be used for remediation of polluted area. Study also showed that potential of metal accumulator plants for extraction of metal from soil occur up to a certain level of concentration, after that when the concentration of metal increased the phytoextraction rate of metal or bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) were decreased.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Roots efficiently took up lead in contaminated plants.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.
Raphanus sativust0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Pb uptakee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficient Pb uptake was observed by the roots in contaminated plants.”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth was higher in controls than contaminated plants.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- lead (Pb)e1
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth was higher in control plants, as compared to the contaminated.”
e1“lead (Pb) phytotoxic effects”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess lead increased leaf Pb accumulation.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- excess of leade0
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Administration of excess of lead was followed by an increase of Pb accumulation in leaves”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity symptoms developed after 30 days.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- symptoms of Pb toxicity developede0
- Value
- 30 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Typical symptoms of Pb toxicity developed 30 days after the beginning of treatment.”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal toxicity decreased chlorophyll concentration.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- heavy metal toxicitye0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll concentration was decreased in response to heavy metal toxicity.”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidative stress increased peroxidase and catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- oxidative stresse0
- Gene
- peroxidase and catalasee0
- Outcome
- Activity of anti-oxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity of anti-oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and catalase were increased in response to oxidative stress.”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish is described as a hyperaccumulator usable for remediation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- hyperaccumulator plants that can concentrate heavy metals in their different partse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish are hyperaccumulator plants that can concentrate heavy metals in their different parts, thus they can be used for remediation of polluted area.”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher metal concentration, phytoextraction rate or BAC decreased.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativust0
- Compound
- metale0
- Outcome
- phytoextraction rate of metal or bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the concentration of metal increased the phytoextraction rate of metal or bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) were decreased.”
t0“Raphanus sativus L.”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →lead atom · nutrient: content · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: pigments · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.