Abstract
Field cultivation of corn and microbial cell viability tests using Pseudomonas putida K-5 were performed to assess the toxic effect of kelp seaweed biochar (KBC) and fir wood biochar (FBC) produced by pyrolysis. After 63 days growth, FBC increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer and by 7.6% with fertilizer, while KBC decreased it by 20.2% without fertilizer and by 27.9% with fertilizer. Physico-chemical characterization of the biochars such as ICP, CHON, and proximate analyses showed that KBC contained large amount of metals and ashes which could be responsible for its inhibition to corn growth. Upon exposure of K-5 cells for 1 h to biochar extracts, the cell viability in KBC extracts was 48.2% and quite lower than that (78.6%) in FBC. Washed KBC biochar with water at 1:10 w/v % increased the cell viability to 54.0%. The results indicated that seaweed biochar may be careful to be used for plant growing additives due to its high concentrations of metals and ashes. This toxic effect could be reduced by proper washing method with water.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fir biochar increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- FBCe0
- Outcome
- corn growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.9%e0
- Qualifier
- without fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FBC increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fir biochar increased corn growth by 7.6% with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- FBCe0
- Outcome
- corn growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.6%e0
- Qualifier
- with fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FBC increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer and by 7.6% with fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Kelp biochar decreased corn growth by 20.2% without fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- KBCe0
- Outcome
- corn growtht1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 20.2%e0
- Qualifier
- without fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KBC decreased it by 20.2% without fertilizer”
t0“corn”
t1“FBC increased corn growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Kelp biochar decreased corn growth by 27.9% with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- KBCe0
- Outcome
- corn growtht1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27.9%e0
- Qualifier
- with fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KBC decreased it by 20.2% without fertilizer and by 27.9% with fertilizer.”
t0“corn”
t1“FBC increased corn growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Kelp biochar had abundant metals and ash, proposed to explain corn growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- KBCe0
- Compound
- metals and ashese0
- Outcome
- inhibition to corn growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KBC contained large amount of metals and ashes which could be responsible for its inhibition to corn growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
K-5 cell viability was 48.2% in kelp biochar extracts.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- KBC extractse0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 48.2%e0
- Comparator
- FBCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cell viability in KBC extracts was 48.2% and quite lower than that (78.6%) in FBC.”
t0“corn”
t1“K-5 cells”
Claim · model-written summary
K-5 cell viability in fir biochar extracts was 78.6%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- FBCe0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Value
- 78.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cell viability in KBC extracts was 48.2% and quite lower than that (78.6%) in FBC.”
t0“corn”
t1“K-5 cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Washing kelp biochar raised K-5 cell viability to 54.0%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Washed KBC biochar with water at 1:10 w/v %e0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Washed KBC biochar with water at 1:10 w/v % increased the cell viability to 54.0%.”
t0“corn”
t1“K-5 cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors urge caution when using seaweed biochar as a plant growing additive.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- seaweed biochar may be careful to be used for plant growing additivese0
- Qualifier
- high concentrations of metals and ashese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seaweed biochar may be careful to be used for plant growing additives due to its high concentrations of metals and ashes.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest washing with water to reduce the toxic effect.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- toxic effect could be reduced by proper washing method with watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This toxic effect could be reduced by proper washing method with water.”
t0“corn”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.