Abstract
Excessive application of nitrogen-fertilizers often results in low nitrogen use efficiency and high nitrogen losses in Tai Lake region.Many studies on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) or rice(Oryza sativa L.) physio-ecology have been carried out aiming at high yield with reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer.However,most experiments have been focused on single crop.Also,assimilate accumulations before flowering play an important role on grain yield.In order to disclose the mechanism of dry matter translocation,optimum amount of nitrogen application and utilization of nitrogen under rice-wheat rotations,a field experiment was conducted under different nitrogen application rates from 2007 to 2009 at the Changshu Agroecological Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The treatments included four nitrogen fertilizer rates for rice and wheat,respectively:N1(125 and 94 kg N ha-1),N2(225 and 169 kg N ha-1),N3(325 and 244 kg N ha-1),and N0 control(no nitrogen).The results showed that no significant increase in crop production was found when nitrogen application rate of rice and wheat was in excess of 225 kg ha-1 and 169 kg ha-1 respectively.The dry matter accumulations at anthesis of rice and wheat increased with the nitrogen rate increment,while the contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before flowering decreased with increasing the nitrogen application rates.The nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in rice and wheat were reduced with increasing the nitrogen rates,and these was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments.The marginal productions were declined with the increase of nitrogen applications,with lower than 5.5 kg kg-1 in N3 treatment for both rice and wheat.Therefore,whether for rice or for wheat,the N2 treatment could maintain higher translocation rate of dry matter,higher nitrogen use efficiency and higher economic benefit.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rice production did not increase significantly above 225 kg ha-1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- in excess of 225 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- crop productione0
- Direction
- no significant increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant increase in crop production was found when nitrogen application rate of rice and wheat was in excess of 225 kg ha-1 and 169 kg ha-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat production did not increase significantly above 169 kg ha-1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- in excess of 225 kg ha-1 and 169 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- crop productione0
- Direction
- no significant increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant increase in crop production was found when nitrogen application rate of rice and wheat was in excess of 225 kg ha-1 and 169 kg ha-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice dry matter at anthesis increased with nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen rate incremente0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulations at anthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter accumulations at anthesis of rice and wheat increased with the nitrogen rate increment”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat dry matter at anthesis increased with nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen rate incremente0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulations at anthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter accumulations at anthesis of rice and wheat increased with the nitrogen rate increment”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice preflowering dry matter translocation contribution decreased as nitrogen rate increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- increasing the nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before floweringe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before flowering decreased with increasing the nitrogen application rates”
e1“anthesis of rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat preflowering dry matter translocation contribution decreased as nitrogen rate increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- increasing the nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before floweringe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before flowering decreased with increasing the nitrogen application rates”
e1“anthesis of rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice and wheat nitrogen agronomic and physiological efficiencies declined with nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing the nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficienciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in rice and wheat were reduced with increasing the nitrogen rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen efficiencies did not differ significantly between N2 and N3.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficienciese1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- N2 and N3 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments”
e1“The nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in rice and wheat were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Marginal production declined with higher nitrogen in rice and wheat, falling below 5.5 kg kg-1 at N3.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increase of nitrogen applicationse0
- Outcome
- marginal productionse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 5.5 kg kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- N3 treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The marginal productions were declined with the increase of nitrogen applications,with lower than 5.5 kg kg-1 in N3 treatment for both rice and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
N2 was concluded to maintain higher translocation, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit in both crops.
Verbatim
e0“whether for rice or for wheat,the N2 treatment could maintain higher translocation rate of dry matter,higher nitrogen use efficiency and higher economic benefit.”
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