Abstract
Complex effects of simulated acid rain and Zn on the growth and physiological-biochemical characteristics of Vicia faba L. were studied with a pot experiment. Under the conditions of complex pollution with acid rain and Zn, the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased with increasing Zn concentrations, acid rain acidity or both. Each of them had no significant differences compared with the control blank case if Vicia faba L. received only simulated acid rain solutions. However, lower heights or chlorophyll contents could be observed in the cases of complex pollution with acid rain and Zn than any single pollution, especially when Vicia faba L. received more serious acid rain and higher Zn concentrations. It demonstrated that simulated acid rain made the more serious toxic effects of Zn on growth of the plants. Compared with the control experiment,when pH value of acid rain was 3.5 and the concentration of Zn was 200?mg·kg~(-1), the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased 45.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Generally, the contents of MDA in the roots and leaves of Vicia faba L. increased with increasing Zn concentrations and acid rain acidity. And contents of MDA in the roots were much higher than those in the leaves. It indicated that the changes of MDA contents in Vicia faba L. could be used as a good index to reflect the pollution levels of acid rain and Zn. And the SOD activities in both leaf and root tissues of Vicia faba L. were usually declined with increasing the concentrations of Zn in soil and decreasing pH values by simulated acid rain. Meanwhile, the SOD activities in the root tissues decreased more rapidly than in the leaf, which indicated that the roots of the plant were more sensitive to the pollution with acid rain and/or Zn than the leaves. The POD activities increased first and decreased afterwards. The fact that POD activities in the root tissues were much greater than in the leaf showed that the protective enzymes in the roots eliminated most part of the free radicals brought from the pollution through intense reactions, and mitigated the pressure on the leaves. However, some roots and leaves became dying when treated with serious simulated acid rain and high Zn concentrations, which resulted in the POD activities decline.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Zn concentrations, acid rain acidity or both decreased Vicia faba heights and chlorophyll contents
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- increasing Zn concentrations, acid rain acidity or bothe1
- Outcome
- the heights and the chlorophyll contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased with increasing Zn concentrations, acid rain acidity or both. Each of them had no significant differences compared with the control blank case if Vicia faba L. received only simulated acid rain solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain alone had no significant effect on Vicia faba heights or chlorophyll contents compared with the control
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- simulated acid rain solutionse1
- Outcome
- the heights and the chlorophyll contentse1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Comparator
- control blank casee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased with increasing Zn concentrations, acid rain acidity or both. Each of them had no significant differences compared with the control blank case if Vicia faba L. received only simulated acid rain solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Complex acid rain and Zn pollution lowered heights or chlorophyll contents more than any single pollution
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- complex pollution with acid rain and Zne2
- Outcome
- heights or chlorophyll contentse2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- any single pollutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e2“lower heights or chlorophyll contents could be observed in the cases of complex pollution with acid rain and Zn than any single pollution”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain made the toxic effects of Zn on Vicia faba growth more serious
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine3
- Outcome
- toxic effects of Zn on growthe3
- Direction
- more seriouse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e3“simulated acid rain made the more serious toxic effects of Zn on growth of the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 3.5 with 200 mg/kg Zn, Vicia faba heights decreased by 45.5% relative to the control
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- pH value of acid rain was 3.5e4
- Outcome
- heightse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 45.5%e4
- Comparator
- the control experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e4“Compared with the control experiment,when pH value of acid rain was 3.5 and the concentration of Zn was 200?mg·kg~(-1), the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased 45.5% and 41.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 3.5 with 200 mg/kg Zn, Vicia faba chlorophyll contents decreased by 41.8% relative to the control
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- pH value of acid rain was 3.5e4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 41.8%e4
- Comparator
- the control experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e4“Compared with the control experiment,when pH value of acid rain was 3.5 and the concentration of Zn was 200?mg·kg~(-1), the heights and the chlorophyll contents of Vicia faba L. decreased 45.5% and 41.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA contents in roots and leaves increased with increasing Zn concentrations and acid rain acidity
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese5
- Treatment
- increasing Zn concentrations and acid rain aciditye5
- Outcome
- contents of MDAe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e5“the contents of MDA in the roots and leaves of Vicia faba L. increased with increasing Zn concentrations and acid rain acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA contents were much higher in roots than in leaves
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Outcome
- contents of MDAe6
- Direction
- much highere6
- Comparator
- those in the leavese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e6“contents of MDA in the roots were much higher than those in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in MDA contents could serve as a good index of acid rain and Zn pollution levels
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabae7
- Outcome
- changes of MDA contentse7
- Qualifier
- could be used as a good index to reflect the pollution levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e7“the changes of MDA contents in Vicia faba L. could be used as a good index to reflect the pollution levels of acid rain and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Zn and decreasing pH by simulated acid rain declined leaf and root SOD activities
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and root tissuese1
- Treatment
- increasing the concentrations of Zn in soil and decreasing pH values by simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- SOD activitiese1
- Direction
- declinede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“SOD activities in both leaf and root tissues of Vicia faba L. were usually declined with increasing the concentrations of Zn in soil and decreasing pH values by simulated acid rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Root SOD activity decreased more rapidly than leaf SOD activity
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese1
- Outcome
- SOD activitiese1
- Direction
- decreased more rapidlye1
- Comparator
- in the leafe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“the SOD activities in the root tissues decreased more rapidly than in the leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots of Vicia faba were more sensitive to acid rain and Zn pollution than leaves
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- sensitive to the pollution with acid rain and/or Zne1
- Direction
- more sensitivee1
- Comparator
- the leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“the roots of the plant were more sensitive to the pollution with acid rain and/or Zn than the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
POD activities increased first and then decreased
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- POD activitiese1
- Direction
- increased firste1
- Qualifier
- decreased afterwardse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“The POD activities increased first and decreased afterwards”
Claim · model-written summary
Root POD activity was much greater than leaf POD activity
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuese1
- Outcome
- POD activitiese1
- Direction
- much greatere1
- Comparator
- in the leafe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“The fact that POD activities in the root tissues were much greater than in the leaf showed that the protective enzymes in the roots eliminated most part of the free radicals brought from the pollution through intense reactions, and mitigated the pressure on the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective root enzymes eliminated free radicals and mitigated pressure on leaves
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- pressure on the leavese1
- Qualifier
- the protective enzymes in the roots eliminated most part of the free radicalse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“The fact that POD activities in the root tissues were much greater than in the leaf showed that the protective enzymes in the roots eliminated most part of the free radicals brought from the pollution through intense reactions, and mitigated the pressure on the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Serious acid rain and high Zn led to decreased POD activities
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- serious simulated acid rain and high Zn concentrationse1
- Outcome
- POD activitiese1
- Direction
- declinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“some roots and leaves became dying when treated with serious simulated acid rain and high Zn concentrations, which resulted in the POD activities decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Some roots and leaves died under serious acid rain and high Zn treatment
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- roots and leaves became dyinge1
- Qualifier
- when treated with serious simulated acid rain and high Zn concentrationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vicia faba L.”
e1“some roots and leaves became dying when treated with serious simulated acid rain and high Zn concentrations, which resulted in the POD activities decline”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · physiology: pigments · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →zinc atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
pollution · physiology: pigments · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
rainfall · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
ph · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.