Abstract
Biochar added to soil has the potential to hold water and retain nutrients. However, the effects of biochar on soil water and nutrient utilization efficiencies were not well understood. A field experiment was carried out to examine changes of physical properties and water and nutrient bearing capability of sandy loam under different application rates of biochar. The experiment had 5 treatments with 3 replication, including no biochar(CK), 10 t·hm-2(T1), 20 t·hm-2(T2), 40 t·hm-2(T3)and 60 t·hm-2of biochar(T4). Application of biochar reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil porosity and moisture content. Such effects were found to be the greatest in the T4 treatment, in which bulk density was reduced by 23% in 0~10 cm, and by 30% in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14% in 0~10 cm, and by19% in 0~20 cm as compared with the control. Biochar addition enhanced soil water and nutrient utilization efficiency by at least 27.7% and87.4%, respectively. Also, biochar improved tomato growth and yield, with the greatest effects observed in the T3 treatment, a 56.1% increment over the control. In conclusion, biochar could improve soil physical properties, increase utilization efficiency of soil water and nutrients. The optimum biochar rate would be 40 t·hm-2for sandy loam.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Application of biochare0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of biochar reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil porosity and moisture content.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soil porosity and moisture content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Application of biochare0
- Outcome
- soil porosity and moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of biochar reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil porosity and moisture content.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 reduced bulk density by 23% at 0–10 cm.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- 0~10 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulk density was reduced by 23% in 0~10 cm, and by 30% in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14% in 0~10 cm, and by19% in 0~20 cm as compared with the control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 reduced bulk density by 30% at 0–20 cm.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- 0~20 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulk density was reduced by 23% in 0~10 cm, and by 30% in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14% in 0~10 cm, and by19% in 0~20 cm as compared with the control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased porosity by 14% at 0–10 cm.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- porositye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Qualifier
- 0~10 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulk density was reduced by 23% in 0~10 cm, and by 30% in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14% in 0~10 cm, and by19% in 0~20 cm as compared with the control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased porosity by 19% at 0–20 cm.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- porositye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- 0~20 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulk density was reduced by 23% in 0~10 cm, and by 30% in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14% in 0~10 cm, and by19% in 0~20 cm as compared with the control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar enhanced soil water utilization efficiency by at least 27.7%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar additione0
- Outcome
- soil watere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 27.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar addition enhanced soil water and nutrient utilization efficiency by at least 27.7% and87.4%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency by at least 87.4%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar additione0
- Outcome
- nutrient utilization efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 87.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar addition enhanced soil water and nutrient utilization efficiency by at least 27.7% and87.4%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar improved tomato growth and yield, with a 56.1% maximum increment under T3.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- T3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- tomato growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 56.1%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar improved tomato growth and yield, with the greatest effects observed in the T3 treatment, a 56.1% increment over the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 40 t·hm-2 as the optimum biochar rate for sandy loam.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- optimum biochar ratee0
- Value
- 40 t·hm-2e0
- Qualifier
- sandy loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum biochar rate would be 40 t·hm-2for sandy loam.”
t0“Tomato”
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- no effect
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See all 6 papers →biochar · quality: grain · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.