Abstract
Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer application has substantially boosted crop yield over the past few decades. However, an excessive N supply often comes at the expense of soil health and the long-term sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. To avoid these concerns, both biochar and organic fertilizers offer the potential to improve soil fertility while reducing reliance on chemical N fertilizer. However, the impact of these amendments on N use efficiency (NUE) and potential environmental risk in cherry tomatoes remains unclear. To fill the void, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer in combination with chemical N fertilizer on cherry tomato fruit yield, N uptake, NUE, and potential environmental risk. The results showed that compared with the CK (without biochar and organic fertilizer), biochar application had no significant effect on cherry tomato yield and NUE. In contrast, compared to CK, organic fertilizer increased the fruit yield, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, and N recovery efficiency by 21.4%, 18.4%, 18.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, averaged across both cropping seasons. In addition, increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizer further enhanced cherry tomato yield, but it compromised NUE and increased potential environmental risks related to global warming and terrestrial acidification. A comprehensive evaluation using Z-score analysis, integrating yield performance, NUE, and environmental risk, identified the combined application of organic fertilizer and 160 kg N ha−1 as the most promising fertilizer management practice for the sustainable production of cherry tomatoes. These findings provide a valuable reference for optimizing fertilizer management in cherry tomato production, especially in tropical regions where achieving a balance between sustainability and productivity is crucial.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application has no significant effect on cherry tomato yield and NUE
- Taxon
- cherry tomato
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1 - Treatment
- biochar applicatione1
- Outcome
- yield and NUEe1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
- Comparator
- CK (without biochar and organic fertilizer)e1
- Setting
- two-year field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a two-year field experiment was conducted”
e1“compared with the CK (without biochar and organic fertilizer), biochar application had no significant effect on cherry tomato yield and NUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increases cherry tomato fruit yield by 21.4% relative to CK
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee5
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- fruit yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 21.4%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“effects of biochar and organic fertilizer in combination with chemical N fertilizer on cherry tomato fruit yield”
e2“compared to CK, organic fertilizer increased the fruit yield, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, and N recovery efficiency by 21.4%, 18.4%, 18.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, averaged across both cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increases partial factor productivity of applied N in cherry tomato by 18.4% relative to CK
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee5
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of applied Ne2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 18.4%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“effects of biochar and organic fertilizer in combination with chemical N fertilizer on cherry tomato fruit yield”
e2“compared to CK, organic fertilizer increased the fruit yield, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, and N recovery efficiency by 21.4%, 18.4%, 18.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, averaged across both cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increases N agronomic efficiency in cherry tomato by 18.5% relative to CK
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee5
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- N agronomic efficiencye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 18.5%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“effects of biochar and organic fertilizer in combination with chemical N fertilizer on cherry tomato fruit yield”
e2“compared to CK, organic fertilizer increased the fruit yield, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, and N recovery efficiency by 21.4%, 18.4%, 18.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, averaged across both cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increases N recovery efficiency in cherry tomato by 25.1% relative to CK
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee5
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 25.1%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“effects of biochar and organic fertilizer in combination with chemical N fertilizer on cherry tomato fruit yield”
e2“compared to CK, organic fertilizer increased the fruit yield, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, and N recovery efficiency by 21.4%, 18.4%, 18.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, averaged across both cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilizer alongside organic fertilizer further enhances cherry tomato yield
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee3
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizere3
- Outcome
- cherry tomato yielde3
- Direction
- further enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizer further enhanced cherry tomato yield, but it compromised NUE and increased potential environmental risks related to global warming and terrestrial acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilizer alongside organic fertilizer compromises NUE in cherry tomato
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee3
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizere3
- Outcome
- NUEe3
- Direction
- compromisede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizer further enhanced cherry tomato yield, but it compromised NUE and increased potential environmental risks related to global warming and terrestrial acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilizer alongside organic fertilizer increases potential environmental risks for cherry tomato production
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee3
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizere3
- Outcome
- potential environmental riskse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- related to global warming and terrestrial acidificatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“increasing N fertilizer application alongside organic fertilizer further enhanced cherry tomato yield, but it compromised NUE and increased potential environmental risks related to global warming and terrestrial acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of organic fertilizer with 160 kg N ha−1 is the most promising fertilizer management practice for cherry tomato
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee4
- Treatment
- combined application of organic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- most promising fertilizer management practicee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“identified the combined application of organic fertilizer and 160 kg N ha−1 as the most promising fertilizer management practice for the sustainable production of cherry tomatoes”
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See all 978 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.