Abstract
In roots of gramineous plants, lysigenous aerenchyma is created by the death and lysis of cortical cells. Rice (Oryza sativa) constitutively forms aerenchyma under aerobic conditions, and its formation is further induced under oxygen-deficient conditions. However, maize (Zea mays) develops aerenchyma only under oxygen-deficient conditions. Ethylene is involved in lysigenous aerenchyma formation. Here, we investigated how ethylene-dependent aerenchyma formation is differently regulated between rice and maize. For this purpose, in rice, we used the reduced culm number1 (rcn1) mutant, in which ethylene biosynthesis is suppressed. Ethylene is converted from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by the action of ACC oxidase (ACO). We found that OsACO5 was highly expressed in the wild type, but not in rcn1, under aerobic conditions, suggesting that OsACO5 contributes to aerenchyma formation in aerated rice roots. By contrast, the ACO genes in maize roots were weakly expressed under aerobic conditions, and thus ACC treatment did not effectively induce ethylene production or aerenchyma formation, unlike in rice. Aerenchyma formation in rice roots after the initiation of oxygen-deficient conditions was faster and greater than that in maize. These results suggest that the difference in aerenchyma formation in rice and maize is due to their different mechanisms for regulating ethylene biosynthesis.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rice formed aerenchyma in aerobic conditions, with further induction under oxygen deficiency.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- aerenchymae0
- Direction
- further inducede0
- Setting
- aerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa) constitutively forms aerenchyma under aerobic conditions, and its formation is further induced under oxygen-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize developed aerenchyma only under oxygen-deficient conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays) develops aerenchyma only under oxygen-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
OsACO5 expression was high in aerobic wild-type rice but absent in rcn1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- rcn1e0
- Gene
- OsACO5e0
- Outcome
- OsACO5 was highly expressede0
- Direction
- highly expressede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
- Setting
- aerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsACO5 was highly expressed in the wild type, but not in rcn1, under aerobic conditions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest OsACO5 contributes to aerenchyma formation in aerated rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- OsACO5e0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that OsACO5 contributes to aerenchyma formation in aerated rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
ACO genes were weakly expressed in maize roots under aerobic conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ACO genes in maize roots were weakly expressed under aerobic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment did not effectively induce ethylene production in aerobic maize roots, unlike rice.
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- did not effectively inducee0
- Comparator
- ricee0
- Setting
- aerobic conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC treatment did not effectively induce ethylene production or aerenchyma formation, unlike in rice”
e1“the ACO genes in maize roots were weakly expressed under aerobic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment did not effectively induce aerenchyma formation in aerobic maize roots, unlike rice.
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma formatione0
- Direction
- did not effectively inducee0
- Comparator
- ricee0
- Setting
- aerobic conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC treatment did not effectively induce ethylene production or aerenchyma formation, unlike in rice”
e1“the ACO genes in maize roots were weakly expressed under aerobic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root aerenchyma formed faster and to a greater extent than maize after oxygen deficiency began.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Aerenchyma formatione0
- Direction
- faster and greatere0
- Comparator
- maizee0
- Setting
- oxygen-deficient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aerenchyma formation in rice roots after the initiation of oxygen-deficient conditions was faster and greater than that in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute rice–maize aerenchyma differences to differences in ethylene biosynthesis regulation.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativa
Zea mayse0 - Outcome
- difference in aerenchyma formatione0
- Qualifier
- different mechanisms for regulating ethylene biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the difference in aerenchyma formation in rice and maize is due to their different mechanisms for regulating ethylene biosynthesis”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · physiology: hormones · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.