Abstract
[Objectives]The objective of this study was to explore effects of different fertilization on topsoil organic carbon sequestration and productivity in a yellow paddy field of southern China,fix carbon and reduce carbon emission,and improve the rice yield as well.[Methods]Data were collected from the thirty second year of a longterm experiment in the yellow paddy field in Fujian Province.There were four fertilization treatments in the longterm field experiment:no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure(NPKM) and chemical fertilizer plus straw(NPKS).We investigated influences of different fertilization regimes on topsoil organic carbon sequestration and productivity.[Results]Compared with the CK,the average yields of rice grain in the treatments of NPK,NPKM and NPKS were significantly increased by 67.1%,88.1%and 84.2%,respectively,and the average yields in NPKM and NPKS were significantly higher than that in NPK.Among the fertilization treatments,the contents of top soil organic carbon were improved by 8.9%-36.8%and the content of the NPKM treatment was significantly higher than those of the NPKS and NPK treatments.Compared to the initial soil condition,the organic carbon contents in all treatments were improved by 1.84-5.26 g/kg.Taking every 10 years as the assessing period,there were significant differences of the carbon sequestration rates between the NPKM and NPKS treatments and the CK and NPK treatments,and the rates in the NPKM and NPKS treatments were 2.38 and 1.98 times of that of the CK treatment and 1.59 and 1.32 times of that of the NPK treatment during the double cropping rice years,respectively,while there was no significant difference between the NPK treatment and the CK treatment.There was a vary significant power function relationship between the annual organic carbon input and carbon sequestration in the paddy field ecosystem.The contents of fertilizing soil organic carbon were also very significantly correlated to the yields of rice grain.[Conclusions]Compared with the single chemical fertilizer,the chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure or straw can steadily increase rice yield.The soil organic carbon will be maintained a slightly increase under the long-term no fertilizer.The soil organic carbon sequestration efficiency is gradually reduced with the increase of soil organic carbon content.Compared with the single chemical fertilizer,the chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure or straw has obvious priority in increasing the organic carbon sequestration rate,which is a win-win measure of improving the yellow paddy field productivity and fixing carbon.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
NPK significantly increased rice grain yield by 67.1% compared with CK.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- NPKe0
- Outcome
- average yields of rice graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 67.1%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the CK,the average yields of rice grain in the treatments of NPK,NPKM and NPKS were significantly increased by 67.1%,88.1%and 84.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM significantly increased rice grain yield by 88.1% compared with CK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NPKMe0
- Outcome
- average yields of rice graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88.1%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the CK,the average yields of rice grain in the treatments of NPK,NPKM and NPKS were significantly increased by 67.1%,88.1%and 84.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKS significantly increased rice grain yield by 84.2% compared with CK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NPKSe0
- Outcome
- average yields of rice graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 84.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the CK,the average yields of rice grain in the treatments of NPK,NPKM and NPKS were significantly increased by 67.1%,88.1%and 84.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM rice yield was significantly higher than NPK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average yields in NPKM and NPKS were significantly higher than that in NPK.”
e1“average yields of rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKS rice yield was significantly higher than NPK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average yields in NPKM and NPKS were significantly higher than that in NPK.”
e1“average yields of rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization improved topsoil organic carbon contents by 8.9%-36.8%.
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- contents of top soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 8.9%-36.8%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Among the fertilization treatments,the contents of top soil organic carbon were improved by 8.9%-36.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM topsoil organic carbon content was significantly higher than NPKS and NPK.
- Treatment
- NPKMe0
- Outcome
- contents of top soil organic carbone1
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NPKS and NPK treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the content of the NPKM treatment was significantly higher than those of the NPKS and NPK treatments.”
e1“contents of top soil organic carbon”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic carbon contents increased by 1.84-5.26 g/kg in all treatments relative to initial soil conditions.
- Outcome
- organic carbon contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.84-5.26 g/kge0
- Qualifier
- all treatmentse0
- Comparator
- initial soil conditione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the initial soil condition,the organic carbon contents in all treatments were improved by 1.84-5.26 g/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM carbon sequestration rate was significantly different and 2.38 times CK during double cropping rice years using ten-year assessment periods.
- Treatment
- NPKMe0
- Outcome
- carbon sequestration ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 2.38e0
- Qualifier
- during the double cropping rice yearse0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Taking every 10 years as the assessing period,there were significant differences of the carbon sequestration rates between the NPKM and NPKS treatments and the CK and NPK treatments,and the rates in the NPKM and NPKS treatments were 2.38 and 1.98 times of that of the CK treatment and 1.59 and 1.32 times of that of the NPK treatment during the double cropping rice years,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKS carbon sequestration rate was significantly different and 1.98 times CK during double cropping rice years.
- Treatment
- NPKSe0
- Outcome
- carbon sequestration ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.98e0
- Qualifier
- during the double cropping rice yearse0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Taking every 10 years as the assessing period,there were significant differences of the carbon sequestration rates between the NPKM and NPKS treatments and the CK and NPK treatments,and the rates in the NPKM and NPKS treatments were 2.38 and 1.98 times of that of the CK treatment and 1.59 and 1.32 times of that of the NPK treatment during the double cropping rice years,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKM carbon sequestration rate was significantly different and 1.59 times NPK during double cropping rice years.
- Treatment
- NPKMe0
- Outcome
- carbon sequestration ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.59e0
- Qualifier
- during the double cropping rice yearse0
- Comparator
- NPKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Taking every 10 years as the assessing period,there were significant differences of the carbon sequestration rates between the NPKM and NPKS treatments and the CK and NPK treatments,and the rates in the NPKM and NPKS treatments were 2.38 and 1.98 times of that of the CK treatment and 1.59 and 1.32 times of that of the NPK treatment during the double cropping rice years,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKS carbon sequestration rate was significantly different and 1.32 times NPK during double cropping rice years.
- Treatment
- NPKSe0
- Outcome
- carbon sequestration ratese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.32e0
- Qualifier
- during the double cropping rice yearse0
- Comparator
- NPKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Taking every 10 years as the assessing period,there were significant differences of the carbon sequestration rates between the NPKM and NPKS treatments and the CK and NPK treatments,and the rates in the NPKM and NPKS treatments were 2.38 and 1.98 times of that of the CK treatment and 1.59 and 1.32 times of that of the NPK treatment during the double cropping rice years,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon sequestration rates did not differ significantly between NPK and CK.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“while there was no significant difference between the NPK treatment and the CK treatment.”
e1“carbon sequestration rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual organic carbon input had a very significant power function relationship with paddy ecosystem carbon sequestration.
- Treatment
- annual organic carbon inpute0
- Outcome
- carbon sequestratione0
- Qualifier
- power function relationshipe0
- Setting
- paddy field ecosysteme0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“There was a vary significant power function relationship between the annual organic carbon input and carbon sequestration in the paddy field ecosystem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized soil organic carbon contents correlated very significantly with rice grain yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- contents of fertilizing soil organic carbone0
- Outcome
- yields of rice graine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fertilizing soil organic carbon were also very significantly correlated to the yields of rice grain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term no fertilizer is interpreted to maintain a slight increase in soil organic carbon.
- Treatment
- long-term no fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon will be maintained a slightly increase under the long-term no fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil carbon sequestration efficiency decreases as soil organic carbon content increases.
- Treatment
- soil organic carbon contente0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon sequestration efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- graduallye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon sequestration efficiency is gradually reduced with the increase of soil organic carbon content.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors endorse chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure as a measure to improve productivity and fix carbon compared with chemical fertilizer alone.
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizer plus cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- improving the yellow paddy field productivity and fixing carbone0
- Comparator
- single chemical fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the single chemical fertilizer,the chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure or straw has obvious priority in increasing the organic carbon sequestration rate,which is a win-win measure of improving the yellow paddy field productivity and fixing carbon.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors endorse chemical fertilizer plus straw as a measure to improve productivity and fix carbon compared with chemical fertilizer alone.
- Treatment
- strawe0
- Outcome
- improving the yellow paddy field productivity and fixing carbone0
- Comparator
- single chemical fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the single chemical fertilizer,the chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure or straw has obvious priority in increasing the organic carbon sequestration rate,which is a win-win measure of improving the yellow paddy field productivity and fixing carbon.”
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See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.