Abstract
Seed dressing of peanut playes an important role in full stand and achieving high and stable yield.Four different types of seed dressing agents Trichoderma harzianum(biological antifungi agent),Thiophanate-methyl(chemical fungicide,TM),Celest(chemical fungicide),Carbosulfan(chemical insecticide) were used to treat peanut seeds,and their comprehensive effects on peanut and environment were evaluated by measuring the growth and development,yield,quality of peanut,and soil microorganisms.The results are as follows: 1) All antifungi agents increased seedling rate,while Carbosulfan had less effect.All seed dressing agents promoted plant height,chlorophyll content,however the number of branches and leaves per plant reduced except for Celest;The number of rotted,insects-damaged,and germinated pod per plant were reduced while blighted pod increased,whereas number of full pod per plant increased only for Carbosulfan.100-pod mass and 100-seed mass were significantly higher than the control,except for T.harzianum,while the fullness degree was lower than the control.In addition to slightly lower yields for T.harzianum,the others gave extremely significant increase of yield over the control.Of the treatments,TM,Celest,Carbosulfan gave rise to yield increase of 34.58%,25.90%,22.82% compared to the control,respectively.2) T.harzianum had the most increase in protein and Linoleic acid content,larger increase in oil content,and the most decrease in ratio of Oleic acid/Linoleic acid(O/L);TM decreased protein and oil content mostly;Celest increased oil content and O/L mostly;Carbosulfan had a limited impact on the quality indicators.3) With respect to the ratio of bacteria(actinomycetes) to fungi,TM kept on promoting bacteria and inhibiting fungi,while had less effect on ratio of actinomycetes to fungi;T.harzianum had significant effect on promoting bacteria and actinomycetes,and suppressing fungi at early and middle stage,but tended to the contrary at late stage;Celest produced temporary bacteria promotion and antifungal effect,and had been suppressing actinomycetes strongly;Carbosulfan had less effect.4) Carbosulfan significantly inhibited the number of nodules(rhizobia),while T.harzianum,Celest,and TM promoted it significantly.In conclusion,the seed dressing agents had large and different combined effect on the yield,quality,root nodule,rhizosphere microorganisms,they should be used in according to sites and time.Among the investigated agents,chemical fungicides TM gave the most agronomic and environmental-microbial effects with only slight decrease in protein and oil contents,which is an ideal seed dressing agent.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All antifungal seed dressing agents increased peanut seedling rate; Carbosulfan had less effect.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- All antifungi agentse0
- Outcome
- seedling ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“All antifungi agents increased seedling rate”
Claim · model-written summary
All seed dressing agents promoted peanut plant height and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- All seed dressing agentse0
- Outcome
- plant height,chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“All seed dressing agents promoted plant height,chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of branches and leaves per plant was reduced by the seed dressing agents, except for Celest.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed dressing agentse0
- Outcome
- number of branches and leaves per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except for Celeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“All seed dressing agents promoted plant height,chlorophyll content,however the number of branches and leaves per plant reduced except for Celest”
Claim · model-written summary
The numbers of rotted, insect-damaged and germinated pods per plant were reduced by seed dressing.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed-dressing agentst1
- Outcome
- number of rotted,insects-damaged,and germinated pod per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
t1“seed-dressing agents”
e0“The number of rotted,insects-damaged,and germinated pod per plant were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of blighted pods per plant increased with seed dressing.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed-dressing agentst1
- Outcome
- blighted pode0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
t1“seed-dressing agents”
e0“blighted pod increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of full pods per plant increased only for Carbosulfan.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Carbosulfane0
- Outcome
- number of full pod per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“number of full pod per plant increased only for Carbosulfan”
Claim · model-written summary
100-pod mass and 100-seed mass were significantly higher than the control with the seed dressing agents, except for T. harzianum.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed-dressing agentst1
- Outcome
- 100-pod mass and 100-seed masse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- except for T.harzianume0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
t1“seed-dressing agents”
e0“100-pod mass and 100-seed mass were significantly higher than the control,except for T.harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod fullness degree was lower than the control under seed dressing.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- seed-dressing agentst1
- Outcome
- fullness degreee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
t1“seed-dressing agents”
e0“the fullness degree was lower than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was slightly lower with Trichoderma harzianum than with the control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T.harzianume0
- Interactor
- T.harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“In addition to slightly lower yields for T.harzianum,the others gave extremely significant increase of yield over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
TM (Thiophanate-methyl) raised peanut yield by 34.58% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 34.58%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“TM,Celest,Carbosulfan gave rise to yield increase of 34.58%,25.90%,22.82% compared to the control,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Celest raised peanut yield by 25.90% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Celeste0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25.90%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“TM,Celest,Carbosulfan gave rise to yield increase of 34.58%,25.90%,22.82% compared to the control,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan raised peanut yield by 22.82% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Carbosulfane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 22.82%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“TM,Celest,Carbosulfan gave rise to yield increase of 34.58%,25.90%,22.82% compared to the control,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum gave the greatest increase in protein and linoleic acid content and a larger increase in oil content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T.harzianume0
- Interactor
- T.harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protein and Linoleic acid contente0
- Direction
- most increasee0
- Qualifier
- larger increase in oil contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“T.harzianum had the most increase in protein and Linoleic acid content,larger increase in oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum gave the greatest decrease in the oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio (O/L).
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T.harzianume0
- Interactor
- T.harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ratio of Oleic acid/Linoleic acid(O/L)e0
- Direction
- most decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“T.harzianum had the most increase in protein and Linoleic acid content,larger increase in oil content,and the most decrease in ratio of Oleic acid/Linoleic acid(O/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
TM decreased protein and oil content the most.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Outcome
- protein and oil contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“TM decreased protein and oil content mostly”
Claim · model-written summary
Celest increased oil content and the O/L ratio the most.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Celeste0
- Outcome
- oil content and O/Le0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“Celest increased oil content and O/L mostly”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum significantly promoted bacteria and actinomycetes and suppressed fungi at the early and middle stages, but tended to the opposite at the late stage.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T.harzianume0
- Interactor
- T.harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacteria and actinomycetese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- suppressing fungi at early and middle stage,but tended to the contrary at late stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“T.harzianum had significant effect on promoting bacteria and actinomycetes,and suppressing fungi at early and middle stage,but tended to the contrary at late stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan significantly inhibited the number of nodules formed by rhizobia.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Carbosulfane0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“Carbosulfan significantly inhibited the number of nodules(rhizobia)”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum, Celest and TM significantly promoted the number of nodules.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T.harzianum,Celest,and TMe0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“Carbosulfan significantly inhibited the number of nodules(rhizobia),while T.harzianum,Celest,and TM promoted it significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider the chemical fungicide TM an ideal seed dressing agent for peanut, with the best agronomic and environmental-microbial effects and only a slight decrease in protein and oil contents.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- ideal seed dressing agente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut”
e0“chemical fungicides TM gave the most agronomic and environmental-microbial effects with only slight decrease in protein and oil contents,which is an ideal seed dressing agent”
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