Abstract
Through the comparison of leaf photosynthetic potential and of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf nitrogen concentration (Nl), and mass per unit leaf area (Ml) in different canopy layers of un-thinned orchard (UOD) and thinned orchard (TOD), this paper studied the effects of UOD rebuilding on the use efficiencies of PAR and nitrogen, and their relationships to the fruit yield and quality. Thinning obviously improved the radiation environment in canopy. The radiation distribution in TOD canopy was more uniformly than that in UOD canopy, and the invalid space with relative PAR (PARr) less than 30% in TOD approached to zero, while the minimum mean PARr in UOD was 17%, and the space under 0. 3 of relative canopy height was invalid. The leaf photosynthetic efficiency in TOD was notably improved. Comparing with that in UOD, the photsynthetic rate (Pn) at the middle and bottom of the canopy in TOD was increased by 7.8% and 10.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic potential parameters such as maximum carboxylation rate (Vmax) and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax) also increased remarkably in TOD. The leaf photosynthetic potential had significant correlation with Nl, and the Nl was strongly correlated with PARr. As a result, leaf photosynthetic potential and PARr could be estimated according to the spatial distribution of relative leaf nitrogen concentration (Nlr).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning improved the apple canopy radiation environment.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Thinninge0
- Outcome
- radiation environmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thinning obviously improved the radiation environment in canopy.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation was more uniform in thinned than unthinned apple canopy.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- TODe0
- Outcome
- radiation distributione0
- Direction
- more uniformlye0
- Comparator
- UODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The radiation distribution in TOD canopy was more uniformly than that in UOD canopy”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
The invalid canopy space in thinned apple orchards approached zero.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- invalid spacee0
- Direction
- approached to zeroe0
- Qualifier
- less than 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invalid space with relative PAR (PARr) less than 30% in TOD approached to zero”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum mean relative PAR in unthinned apple orchards was 17%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- minimum mean PARre0
- Value
- 17%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum mean PARr in UOD was 17%”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Space below 0.3 relative canopy height in unthinned apple orchards was invalid.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- space under 0. 3 of relative canopy height was invalide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the space under 0. 3 of relative canopy height was invalid”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinned orchards had improved apple leaf photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- TODe0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf photosynthetic efficiency in TOD was notably improved.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning increased apple photosynthetic rate by 7.8% at the middle canopy.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- middlee0
- Treatment
- TODe0
- Outcome
- photsynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
- Comparator
- UODe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the photsynthetic rate (Pn) at the middle and bottom of the canopy in TOD was increased by 7.8% and 10.2%, respectively”
t0“apple orchards”
e1“Comparing with that in UOD”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning increased apple photosynthetic rate by 10.2% at the canopy bottom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- bottome0
- Treatment
- TODe0
- Outcome
- photsynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Comparator
- UODe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the photsynthetic rate (Pn) at the middle and bottom of the canopy in TOD was increased by 7.8% and 10.2%, respectively”
t0“apple orchards”
e1“Comparing with that in UOD”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple maximum carboxylation and electron transfer rates rose in thinned orchards.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- TODe0
- Outcome
- maximum carboxylation rate (Vmax) and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum carboxylation rate (Vmax) and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax) also increased remarkably in TOD”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple leaf photosynthetic potential was significantly correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- Nle0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic potentiale0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf photosynthetic potential had significant correlation with Nl”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple leaf nitrogen concentration was strongly correlated with relative PAR.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Nle0
- Setting
- PARre0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nl was strongly correlated with PARr”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative apple leaf nitrogen distribution could estimate leaf photosynthetic potential and relative PAR.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic potential and PARre0
- Comparator
- relative leaf nitrogen concentration (Nlr)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf photosynthetic potential and PARr could be estimated according to the spatial distribution of relative leaf nitrogen concentration (Nlr)”
t0“apple orchards”