Abstract
One approach to improve winter wheat yield and water use efficiency(WUE) is to identify appropriate crop planting pattern.The aims of this research were to compare planting pattern in wheat,evaluating yield and WUE.The experiment was carried out from October in 2008 to June in 2009 at Agronomy Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University.The winter wheat experiment consisted of 3 planting patterns and 3 irrigation schedules under the same plant population density(1.8 106 plant/hm2).Row spacing were 25 cm(A),20 + 40 cm for flat planting pattern(B) and 20 + 40 cm(double lines in the furrow with 20 cm spacing,and 40 cm between furrows) for furrow(C).The three irrigation schedules were used at jointing,heading and filling stages respectively;the amount of irrigation was 30 mm,45 mm and 60 mm every time.Changes in relative water content(RWC),water potential(Ψw),WUE of leaves,soil water storage,yield and WUE were investigated in field experiment during the growing seasons of winter wheat.The results showed that yield leaf water character,and WUE were affected by the planting patterns of winter wheat.Yields furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).The yield had a positive correlation with relative water content(R=0.902**) and water potential(R=0.571).The relative water content(RWC),water potential(Ψw) and WUE of leaves decreased with growth stage,and the average of RWC,Ψw and WUE of furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).Moreover,furrow planting pattern obviously increased soil water storage and WUE,and reduced the water consumption.The irrigation enhanced yields,improved water characters,decreased WUE and differ in different platting patterns.Planting pattern and irrigation not only significantly effected WUE of winter wheat,but also had interaction effects.The furrow planting pattern not only had high yield,but also saved water 25% compared with flat planting patterns.These results indicated that the winter wheat of furrow planting pattern is the best planting pattern in the amount of irrigation 135 mm,because it improved leaf water conditions,increased yields and WUE.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting produced significantly higher wheat yields than flat planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flat planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield correlated positively with relative water content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- R=0.902**e0
- Qualifier
- relative water contente0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield had a positive correlation with relative water content(R=0.902**) and water potential(R=0.571).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield correlated positively with water potential.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- water potentiale0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- R=0.571e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield had a positive correlation with relative water content(R=0.902**) and water potential(R=0.571).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf relative water content declined with growth stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- growth stagee0
- Outcome
- relative water content(RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content(RWC),water potential(Ψw) and WUE of leaves decreased with growth stage,”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potential declined with growth stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- growth stagee0
- Outcome
- water potential(Ψw)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content(RWC),water potential(Ψw) and WUE of leaves decreased with growth stage,”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water use efficiency declined with growth stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- growth stagee0
- Outcome
- WUE of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content(RWC),water potential(Ψw) and WUE of leaves decreased with growth stage,”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting had higher average leaf relative water content than flat planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flat planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average of RWC,Ψw and WUE of furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting had higher average leaf water potential than flat planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- Ψwe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flat planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average of RWC,Ψw and WUE of furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting had higher average leaf water use efficiency than flat planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flat planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average of RWC,Ψw and WUE of furrow planting pattern were significantly higher than those of flat planting patterns(P0.05).”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting increased soil water storage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- soil water storagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow planting pattern obviously increased soil water storage and WUE,and reduced the water consumption.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting increased water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow planting pattern obviously increased soil water storage and WUE,and reduced the water consumption.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting reduced water consumption.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow planting pattern obviously increased soil water storage and WUE,and reduced the water consumption.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation enhanced wheat yields.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation enhanced yields,improved water characters,decreased WUE and differ in different platting patterns.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation improved wheat water characters.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water characterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation enhanced yields,improved water characters,decreased WUE and differ in different platting patterns.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation decreased water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation enhanced yields,improved water characters,decreased WUE and differ in different platting patterns.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting pattern and irrigation had significant interactive effects on water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Planting pattern and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- WUE of winter wheate0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting pattern and irrigation not only significantly effected WUE of winter wheat,but also had interaction effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting saved 25% water compared with flat planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- furrow planting patterne0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- flat planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The furrow planting pattern not only had high yield,but also saved water 25% compared with flat planting patterns.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify furrow planting with 135 mm irrigation as the best planting pattern for winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- furrow planting pattern is the best planting pattern in the amount of irrigation 135 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the winter wheat of furrow planting pattern is the best planting pattern in the amount of irrigation 135 mm”
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