Abstract
In order to establish an efficient irrigation model to save water and fertilizer for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water application amounts of low-pressure sprinkler irrigation on the spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen in soil-winter wheat system and the wheat grain yield, with the traditional surface irrigation (flooding irrigation) as the control. Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the soil compaction significantly, increased the soil urease activity after flowering stage, and made the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N concentrated in 0-60 cm root zone, preventing the further leakage of water and fertilizer nitrogen. As compared with flooding irrigation, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the peak of ammonia volatilization rate and the total amount of ammonia volatilization significantly, and increased the total nitrogen content and nitrogen transport rate of plant leaves, sheaths, and stems considerably. Both the wheat grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation were increased to different extent, and the treatment with 15% reduction of water application amount obtained the highest grain yield and the highest water- and nitrogen use efficiency while the least losses of water and fertilizer nitrogen.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation significantly decreased soil compaction.
- Treatment
- Low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil compactione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the soil compaction significantly”
e1“with the traditional surface irrigation (flooding irrigation) as the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation increased soil urease activity after flowering.
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione1
- Outcome
- soil urease activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased the soil urease activity after flowering stage”
e1“Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation”
e2“with the traditional surface irrigation (flooding irrigation) as the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation concentrated soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in the 0-60 cm root zone and prevented further nutrient leakage.
- Organ / stage
- root zonee0
- Treatment
- Low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione1
- Outcome
- soil NO3--N and NH4+-Ne0
- Direction
- concentratede0
- Value
- 0-60 cme0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“made the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N concentrated in 0-60 cm root zone, preventing the further leakage of water and fertilizer nitrogen.”
e1“Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation”
e2“with the traditional surface irrigation (flooding irrigation) as the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation significantly decreased peak ammonia volatilization rate compared with flooding irrigation.
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- peak of ammonia volatilization ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“As compared with flooding irrigation, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the peak of ammonia volatilization rate and the total amount of ammonia volatilization significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation significantly decreased total ammonia volatilization compared with flooding irrigation.
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- total amount of ammonia volatilizatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“As compared with flooding irrigation, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the peak of ammonia volatilization rate and the total amount of ammonia volatilization significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation increased nitrogen content in wheat leaves, sheaths and stems.
- Organ / stage
- plant leaves, sheaths, and stemse0
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione1
- Outcome
- total nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased the total nitrogen content and nitrogen transport rate of plant leaves, sheaths, and stems considerably.”
e1“low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the peak”
e2“As compared with flooding irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation increased nitrogen transport rate in wheat leaves, sheaths and stems.
- Organ / stage
- plant leaves, sheaths, and stemse0
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione1
- Outcome
- nitrogen transport ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased the total nitrogen content and nitrogen transport rate of plant leaves, sheaths, and stems considerably.”
e1“low-pressure sprinkler irrigation decreased the peak”
e2“As compared with flooding irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the wheat grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation were increased to different extent”
e1“As compared with flooding irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation increased wheat water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water-e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the wheat grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation were increased to different extent”
e1“As compared with flooding irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigation increased wheat nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low-pressure sprinkler irrigatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flooding irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the wheat grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation were increased to different extent”
e1“As compared with flooding irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
A 15% reduction in water application produced the highest grain yield and water and nitrogen-use efficiency, with the least water and fertilizer nitrogen losses.
- Treatment
- 15% reduction of water application amounte0
- Outcome
- highest grain yield and the highest water- and nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- least losses of water and fertilizer nitrogene0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatment with 15% reduction of water application amount obtained the highest grain yield and the highest water- and nitrogen use efficiency while the least losses of water and fertilizer nitrogen.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · soil: biology · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →irrigation · environment: emissions · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →irrigation · nutrient: efficiency · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →irrigation · soil: physics · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →irrigation · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
797 papers in the same direction as this paper · 184 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
985 papers more in this group
See all 989 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.