Abstract
Aims Quantitative study of root growth pattern in rice(Oryza sativa) is of great significance for guiding man-agement regulation and genetic improvement.Our objective was to elucidate the characteristics of root growth and distribution in rice under different conditions of cultivation.Methods We conducted pot experiments involving different nitrogen rates,water regimes and rice cultivars with the root shelf method.Root indices were measured at the jointing and heading stages,including total dry weight(TRW),adventitious root number(ARN),and morphological indices(length,surface area and volume) of three types of roots(adventitious,fine and coarse lateral roots).Important findings The observed root indices increased from the jointing stage to the heading stage in all treat-ments.There were significant differences in root indices among the three nitrogen rates,and each index increased with increasing nitrogen rates at both stages.In the water regime experiment,there was no significant difference in ARN between irrigation(W2) and constant water(W1),but the other indices of W2 were highest at both stages.There were no significant differences in TRW and morphological indices of coarse lateral roots between W1 and dry cultivation(W3) at the jointing stage.The other indices at the jointing stage and all indices at the heading stage were lowest with W3.All indices were significantly highest in the 'Yangdao 6'(V3) cultivar,but similar in 'Nipponbare'(V1) and 'Wuxiangjing 14'(V2) cultivars.In addition,the roots extended more deeply into soil from the jointing to the heading stage,but were mainly distributed in the top 5 cm.Lower nitrogen and water supply would promote spreading of roots in the subsoil(5 cm) and enhance the proportions of fine and coarse lateral roots.As compared with V3,the roots of V1 and V2 extended more deeply into soil.We concluded that proper nitrogen fertilization and water control could optimize the growth and distribution characteristics of different types of rice roots and this could be influenced by the specific cultivar.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root indices increased from jointing to heading across treatments.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Outcome
- root indicese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- jointing stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The observed root indices increased from the jointing stage to the heading stage in all treat-ments”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root indices increased with nitrogen rate at both stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- each indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each index increased with increasing nitrogen rates at both stages”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Adventitious root number did not differ significantly between irrigation and constant water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- irrigation(W2)e0
- Outcome
- ARNe0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- constant water(W1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in ARN between irrigation(W2) and constant water(W1)”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Other root indices were highest with irrigation at both stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- W2e0
- Outcome
- other indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the other indices of W2 were highest at both stages”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At jointing, root dry weight and coarse lateral root morphology did not differ between constant water and dry cultivation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- jointing stagee0
- Treatment
- dry cultivation(W3)e0
- Outcome
- TRW and morphological indices of coarse lateral rootse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- W1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in TRW and morphological indices of coarse lateral roots between W1 and dry cultivation(W3) at the jointing stage”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry cultivation gave the lowest remaining indices at jointing and all indices at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- other indices at the jointing stage and all indices at the heading stagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The other indices at the jointing stage and all indices at the heading stage were lowest with W3”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangdao 6 had the highest root indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 'Yangdao 6'(V3)e0
- Outcome
- All indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All indices were significantly highest in the 'Yangdao 6'(V3) cultivar”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Nipponbare and Wuxiangjing 14 had similar root indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 'Nipponbare'(V1) and 'Wuxiangjing 14'(V2)e0
- Outcome
- similare0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar in 'Nipponbare'(V1) and 'Wuxiangjing 14'(V2) cultivars”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice roots extended deeper from jointing to heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Outcome
- roots extended more deeply into soile0
- Direction
- more deeplye0
- Comparator
- jointinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots extended more deeply into soil from the jointing to the heading stage”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots were mainly in the top five centimeters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- mainly distributed in the top 5 cme0
- Value
- 5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were mainly distributed in the top 5 cm”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen and water supply promoted subsoil root spread and lateral root proportions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Lower nitrogen and water supplye0
- Outcome
- spreading of roots in the subsoil(5 cm) and enhance the proportions of fine and coarse lateral rootse0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Value
- 5 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower nitrogen and water supply would promote spreading of roots in the subsoil(5 cm) and enhance the proportions of fine and coarse lateral roots”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Nipponbare and Wuxiangjing 14 roots extended deeper than Yangdao 6.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- V1 and V2e0
- Outcome
- roots of V1 and V2 extended more deeply into soile0
- Direction
- more deeplye0
- Comparator
- V3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared with V3,the roots of V1 and V2 extended more deeply into soil”
t0“rice cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 291 papers →nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- negative
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.