Abstract
Bidens pilosa is one of the noxious alien Asteraceae weeds with strong invasiveness,and is spreading widely in Southern China at present.We studied the reproductive traits and seed germination characteristics of invasive B.pilosa and native B.bipinnata by combining field investigations with laboratory experiments.The results showed that compared to native species,B.pilosa had higher ramification ability and branch numbers.One single mature plant could produce more than 13 thousands of seeds with smaller mass.Seed germinations of the two weed species were affected by environment factors.The optimum germination temperature for B.pilosa and B.bipinnata was 20-30 ℃ and 10-25 ℃,respectively.Both species had high germination percentages,above 92.00%.High temperature(30-40 ℃) caused harms to seed germination of the two species,but the inhibition effect of high temperature on native B.bipinnata was severer than that of B.pilosa.The seeds of two weeds reached maximum germination at full irradiance,and the changes of ambient light had no effects on B.pilosa germination except in the dark,but the germination of B.bipinnata was significantly decreased at 25% irradiance.Light drought(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g mL-1) had no significant effects on germination of the two weed species while moderate drought(ρ(PEG)= 0.15 g mL-1) could reduce their germination percentage,but the negative effect on B.pilosa was less than that of B.bipinnata.Both weed species germinated in a wide range of pH(3.0-7.0) and only pH 2.0 caused the seed germination to decrease significantly.High concentration of N and P nutrients had negative influences on the germination of both weed species,and excessive N concentration had more inhibitory effect on native B.bipinnata than on B.pilosa.Germination of both species could be inhibited by the buried treatment and no seedlings emerged when seeds were sowed 3.0 cm deep.But on the soil surface,germination rate of B.pilosa was significantly higher than that of B.bipinnata.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
B. pilosa had greater branching ability and branch number than the native species.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa
Bidens pilosae0 - Outcome
- ramification ability and branch numberse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- native speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to native species,B.pilosa had higher ramification ability and branch numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
One mature B. pilosa plant produced more than 13 thousand seeds.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae1
- Organ / stage
- mature plante0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Value
- more than 13 thousands of seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One single mature plant could produce more than 13 thousands of seeds”
e1“B.pilosa had higher ramification ability and branch numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
B. pilosa seeds had smaller mass.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae1
- Outcome
- seeds with smaller masse0
- Direction
- smallere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds with smaller mass”
e1“B.pilosa had higher ramification ability and branch numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum germination temperature for B. pilosa was 20-30 ℃.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae0
- Outcome
- optimum germination temperaturee0
- Value
- 20-30 ℃e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum germination temperature for B.pilosa and B.bipinnata was 20-30 ℃ and 10-25 ℃,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum germination temperature for B. bipinnata was 10-25 ℃.
- Taxon
- B.bipinnata
Bidens bipinnatae0 - Outcome
- optimum germination temperaturee0
- Value
- 10-25 ℃e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum germination temperature for B.pilosa and B.bipinnata was 20-30 ℃ and 10-25 ℃,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
B. pilosa germination exceeded 92%.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae1
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Value
- above 92.00%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species had high germination percentages,above 92.00%”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
B. bipinnata germination exceeded 92%.
- Taxon
- B.bipinnataBidens bipinnatae1
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Value
- above 92.00%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species had high germination percentages,above 92.00%”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature harmed germination of both Bidens species, with stronger inhibition in B. bipinnata.
- Taxon
- B.bipinnataBidens bipinnatae0
- Treatment
- High temperature(30-40 ℃)e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- severere0
- Comparator
- B.pilosae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature(30-40 ℃) caused harms to seed germination of the two species,but the inhibition effect of high temperature on native B.bipinnata was severer than that of B.pilosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species attained maximum seed germination under full irradiance.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Treatment
- full irradiancee0
- Outcome
- maximum germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seeds of two weeds reached maximum germination at full irradiance”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient light changes did not affect B. pilosa germination except in darkness.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae0
- Treatment
- changes of ambient lighte0
- Outcome
- B.pilosa germinatione0
- Direction
- no effectse0
- Qualifier
- except in the darke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the changes of ambient light had no effects on B.pilosa germination except in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
B. bipinnata germination decreased significantly at 25% irradiance.
- Taxon
- B.bipinnataBidens bipinnatae0
- Treatment
- 25% irradiancee0
- Outcome
- germination of B.bipinnatae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination of B.bipinnata was significantly decreased at 25% irradiance”
Claim · model-written summary
Light drought did not significantly affect germination of either species.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Treatment
- Light drought(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g mL-1)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light drought(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g mL-1) had no significant effects on germination of the two weed species”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drought reduced germination of both species, with a smaller negative effect on B. pilosa.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae0
- Treatment
- moderate drought(ρ(PEG)= 0.15 g mL-1)e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- B.bipinnatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate drought(ρ(PEG)= 0.15 g mL-1) could reduce their germination percentage,but the negative effect on B.pilosa was less than that of B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species germinated across pH 3.0-7.0.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Outcome
- germinatede0
- Value
- pH(3.0-7.0)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both weed species germinated in a wide range of pH(3.0-7.0)”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 2.0, germination decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Treatment
- pH 2.0e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only pH 2.0 caused the seed germination to decrease significantly”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
High N and P concentrations negatively influenced germination of both species.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Treatment
- High concentration of N and P nutrientse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- negative influencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentration of N and P nutrients had negative influences on the germination of both weed species”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess N inhibited B. bipinnata germination more than B. pilosa.
- Taxon
- B.bipinnataBidens bipinnatae0
- Treatment
- excessive N concentratione0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- B.pilosae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N concentration had more inhibitory effect on native B.bipinnata than on B.pilosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Burial inhibited germination of both species and prevented emergence at 3.0 cm.
- Taxon
- B.pilosa and B.bipinnataBidens pilosaBidens bipinnatae1
- Treatment
- buried treatmente0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 3.0 cm deepe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of both species could be inhibited by the buried treatment and no seedlings emerged when seeds were sowed 3.0 cm deep”
e1“B.pilosa and B.bipinnata”
Claim · model-written summary
On the soil surface, B. pilosa germinated at a significantly higher rate than B. bipinnata.
- Taxon
- B.pilosaBidens pilosae0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- B.bipinnatae0
- Setting
- soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the soil surface,germination rate of B.pilosa was significantly higher than that of B.bipinnata”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · growth · Bidens pilosa (bur-marigold)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
light · growth · Bidens bipinnataPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ph · growth · Bidens pilosa (bur-marigold)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
nitrogen · growth · Bidens pilosa (bur-marigold)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
light · growth · Bidens pilosa (bur-marigold)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.