Abstract
【Objectives 】 Consecutive mono-culturing of tomato seriously affects its yield and quality in the protected tomato production in China. Tomato and onion intercropping is found effective in increasing tomato production,decreasing soil-borne disease and keeping healthy soil. Here the effect of their intercropping on tomato( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tillered onion( Allium cepa var. agrogatum Don.) growth,mineral nutrient absorption and tomato gray mould disease incidence was studied. 【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted ingreen house in 2012. Three culture modes were desinged: tomato and tillered onion intercropping, tomato monoculture and tillered onion monoculture. The growth indicators of tomato and tillered onion were investigated;the incidence and disease index of tomato gray mould disease were measured 30 days after the intercropping. The contents of total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese were measured. The soil samples of rhizosphere of tomato and tillered onion were collected and the physical and chemical properties were measured. The activities of urease,acid phosphatase,dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase were measured using fresh soil samples which were stored in 4℃. 【Results 】1) Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05),decreases those of tillered onion significantly( P 0. 05). The activities of soil dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in the tomato rhizosphere are increased significantly( P 0. 05),while those in the tillered onion rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P 0. 05). There are no significant differences in the activities of soil urease and acid phosphatase between the rhizosphere of tomato and tillered onion. 2) In the intercropping, the contents of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese in the tomato rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P 0. 05),the soil available phosphorus and available manganese in the rhizosphere of tillered onion are decreased significantly( P 0. 05),and soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping. 3) Compared with corresponding mono-culture,the P and Mn contents in tomato and the N and Mn contents in tillered onion are increased significantly( P 0. 05),not in other nutrients in the intercropping. 4) The tomato gray mold disease index in the intercropping is significantly decreased,and significantly and negatively correlated with plant Mn content( P 0. 05),significantly and positively correlated with plant N / K and N / Mn ratios( P 0. 01). 【Conclusions】The intercropping improves the growth of tomato but restrains that of tillered onion. The phosphorus and manganese contents are increased significantly( P 0. 05),and the N / K and N / Mn ratios in tomato plants are decreased significantly( P 0. 05) in the intercropping. The tomato gray mold disease index in the intercropping is significantly decreased by the monocropping( P 0. 05). So the tomato-tillered onion intercropping is an effective way for promoting tomato's healthy growth.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased tomato height, shoot and root dry weight, and root activity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- monoculturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly decreased the corresponding tillered onion growth measures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- those of tillered onione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- monoculturese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases those of tillered onion significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased tomato rhizosphere dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- soil dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in the tomato rhizospheree0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- monoculturese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of soil dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in the tomato rhizosphere are increased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly decreased the corresponding onion rhizosphere enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- those in the tillered onion rhizospheree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monoculturese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while those in the tillered onion rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urease and acid phosphatase activities did not differ significantly between the two rhizospheres.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- activities of soil urease and acid phosphatasee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There are no significant differences in the activities of soil urease and acid phosphatase between the rhizosphere of tomato and tillered onion.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tomato rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassiume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese in the tomato rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
e2“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced available manganese in the tomato rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- manganese in the tomato rhizospheree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and manganese in the tomato rhizosphere are decreased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
e2“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced available phosphorus and manganese in the onion rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- soil available phosphorus and available manganesee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil available phosphorus and available manganese in the rhizosphere of tillered onion are decreased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
e2“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Several rhizosphere pH, organic matter and available nutrient measures did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomatoe0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased phosphorus and manganese content in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- P and Mn contents in tomatoe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding mono-culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with corresponding mono-culture,the P and Mn contents in tomato and the N and Mn contents in tillered onion are increased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased nitrogen and manganese content in onion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- N and Mn contents in tillered onione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding mono-culturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N and Mn contents in tillered onion are increased significantly( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with the monocultures,the intercropping increases tomato plant height,shoot and root dry weights,and root activity significantly( P 0. 05)”
e2“Compared with corresponding mono-culture,the P and Mn contents in tomato and the N and Mn contents in tillered onion are increased significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other measured plant nutrient contents did not significantly change with intercropping.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- other nutrientse0
- Comparator
- mono-culturee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“not in other nutrients in the intercropping.”
t0“tomato”
e1“Compared with corresponding mono-culture,the P and Mn contents in tomato and the N and Mn contents in tillered onion are increased significantly( P 0. 05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced the tomato gray mould disease index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- tomato gray mold disease indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tomato gray mold disease index in the intercropping is significantly decreased,and significantly and negatively correlated with plant Mn content”
t0“tomato”
e1“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato gray mould disease index was negatively correlated with plant manganese content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- Mne0
- Outcome
- tomato gray mold disease indexe1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly and negatively correlated with plant Mn content( P 0. 05)”
t0“tomato”
e1“The tomato gray mold disease index in the intercropping is significantly decreased,and significantly and negatively correlated with plant Mn content”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato gray mould disease index was positively correlated with plant nitrogen to potassium and nitrogen to manganese ratios.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- N / K and N / Mne0
- Outcome
- tomato gray mold disease indexe1
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly and positively correlated with plant N / K and N / Mn ratios( P 0. 01)”
t0“tomato”
e1“The tomato gray mold disease index in the intercropping is significantly decreased,and significantly and negatively correlated with plant Mn content”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced tomato nitrogen to potassium and nitrogen to manganese ratios.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- N / K and N / Mn ratios in tomato plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N / K and N / Mn ratios in tomato plants are decreased significantly( P 0. 05) in the intercropping.”
t0“tomato”
e1“soil p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil of tomato and available nitrogen,available potassium p H and organic matter of rhizosphere soil tillered of onion have no significant differences,compared to those of the monocropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that tomato–onion intercropping promotes healthy tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- promoting tomato's healthy growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tomato-tillered onion intercropping is an effective way for promoting tomato's healthy growth.”
t0“tomato”
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