Abstract
Increasing attentions have been paid to mineral concentration decrease in milled rice grains caused by CO2 enrichment, but the mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, mineral (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) translocation in plant-soil system with a FACE (Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation. Results mainly showed that: (1) elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass. (2) Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf. (3) Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle. The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts (e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased stem biomass in rice by 21.9%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.9e1
- Setting
- Eastern Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a FACE (Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation”
e1“elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased panicle biomass in rice by 24.0%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 24.0%e1
- Setting
- Eastern Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a FACE (Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation”
e1“elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not change leaf biomass in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Ca content in rice panicle by 61.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 61.2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Mg content in rice panicle by 28.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 28.9e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Fe content in rice panicle by 87.0%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 87.0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Zn content in rice panicle by 36.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 36.7e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Mn content in rice panicle by 66.0%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 66.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Ca content in rice stem by 13.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13.2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Mg content in rice stem by 21.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.3e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Fe content in rice stem by 47.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 47.2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Zn content in rice stem by 91.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 91.8e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Mn content in rice stem by 25.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 25.2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not change leaf Ca, Mg and Fe contents in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- contents of Ca, Mg, Fee1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not change leaf Zn and Mn contents in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- Zn, and Mne1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral to biomass in rice stem and panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- stem and paniclee2
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- weight ratio of mineral/biomasse2
- Direction
- positive effectse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that elevated CO2 favors translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn from soil to rice stem and panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e4
- Outcome
- translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and paniclee4
- Qualifier
- can favore4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle”
t0“mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesise that CO2-led unbalanced stimulation of mineral and carbohydrate translocation from vegetative parts to grains may mainly explain the mineral decline in milled rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Outcome
- mineral decline in milled rice grainse5
- Qualifier
- CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydratese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts (e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains”
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