Abstract
Introduction This study explores how elevated CO 2 concentration may alter the source-sink dynamics in rice by providing additional carbon for photosynthesis, thereby affecting nutrient absorption and distribution. Methods A free-air CO 2 enrichment experiment was conducted on a japonica cultivar Wuyunjing 27 in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The plants were exposed to ambient and elevated CO 2 level (increased by 200 μmol·mol-1) and two source-sink manipulation treatments (control with no leaf cutting and cutting off the top three leaves at heading). Results The elevated CO 2 significantly increased the above-ground biomass and the straw non-structural carbohydrate concentration by an average of 19.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO 2 , with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively. The exposure to elevated CO 2 significantly enhanced the elements accumulation, yet it had minimal impact on their distribution across different organs. When compared to intact rice, removing the top three leaves at heading reduced the above-ground biomass by 36.8% and the straw non-structural carbohydrate content by 44.8%. Leaf-cutting generally increased the concentration of elements in stem, leaf, and grain, likely due to a concentration effect from reduced biomass and carbohydrate accumulation. Leaf-cutting reduced element accumulation and shifted element allocation in rice organs. It increased the proportion of elements in stems while reduced their presence in leaves and grains. Discussion Our study suggests that a dilution effect may cause a decrease in mineral elements concentrations under elevated CO 2 because of the increase in biomass and carbohydrates.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased above-ground biomass by 19.3% on average.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The elevated CO 2 significantly increased the above-ground biomass and the straw non-structural carbohydrate concentration by an average of 19.3% and 12.5%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased straw non-structural carbohydrate concentration by 12.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- straw non-structural carbohydrate concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The elevated CO 2 significantly increased the above-ground biomass and the straw non-structural carbohydrate concentration by an average of 19.3% and 12.5%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased straw N concentration by 7.1% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ne0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 7.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO 2 , with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased straw S concentration by 7.2% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Se0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 7.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO 2 , with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased straw Fe concentration by 11.6% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 11.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO 2 , with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased straw Zn concentration by 10.1% on average.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 10.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO 2 , with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased element accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- elements accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exposure to elevated CO 2 significantly enhanced the elements accumulation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 minimally affected element distribution across organs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- distribution across different organse0
- Direction
- minimal impacte0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it had minimal impact on their distribution across different organs.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the top three leaves reduced above-ground biomass by 36.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- removing the top three leaves at headinge0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36.8%e0
- Comparator
- intact ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to intact rice, removing the top three leaves at heading reduced the above-ground biomass by 36.8% and the straw non-structural carbohydrate content by 44.8%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the top three leaves reduced straw carbohydrate content by 44.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- removing the top three leaves at headinge0
- Outcome
- straw non-structural carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44.8%e0
- Comparator
- intact ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to intact rice, removing the top three leaves at heading reduced the above-ground biomass by 36.8% and the straw non-structural carbohydrate content by 44.8%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutting generally increased element concentrations in stem, leaf, and grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Leaf-cuttinge0
- Outcome
- concentration of elements in stem, leaf, and graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf-cutting generally increased the concentration of elements in stem, leaf, and grain”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutting reduced element accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Leaf-cuttinge0
- Outcome
- element accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf-cutting reduced element accumulation and shifted element allocation in rice organs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutting shifted element allocation in rice organs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Leaf-cuttinge0
- Outcome
- element allocation in rice organse0
- Direction
- shiftede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf-cutting reduced element accumulation and shifted element allocation in rice organs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutting increased the proportion of elements in stems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- proportion of elements in stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It increased the proportion of elements in stems while reduced their presence in leaves and grains.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutting reduced the proportion of elements in leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- presence in leaves and grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It increased the proportion of elements in stems while reduced their presence in leaves and grains.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest biomass and carbohydrate increases dilute mineral element concentrations under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- mineral elements concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- increase in biomass and carbohydratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a dilution effect may cause a decrease in mineral elements concentrations under elevated CO 2 because of the increase in biomass and carbohydrates.”
t0“rice”
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