Abstract
The effectiveness of ultraviolet-C light (UV-C; 254 nm) alone at 0, 3, 6 and 12 kJm(-2), or combined with 0.0 or 0.5% (w7v) sodium bicarbonate (SBC), to control plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley) postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum L. and Botrytis cinerea was investigated. First, fruit was sanitized and in one experiment plums were artificially wound-inoculated 24 h before treatments and afterwards kept at 25 degrees C with 90% RH for 7 days. In the second experiment, treatments were applied before fruit was spray-contaminated with conidia and then stored for 4 weeks at 5 degrees C and 90% RH (storage conditions). In both experiments, the highest degree of decay caused by the two pathogens was monitored when fruit stayed untreated (control), and a negligible reduction was achieved by treating with the sole salt or with a 3 kJm(-2) UV-C light. Compared to control (89 +/- 3% decay), the treatment of wound-inoculated fruit with 6 kJm(-2) provided a 35 and 38% reduction of P. expansum and B. cinerea decay, respectively. Meanwhile, 12 kJm(-2) provided an additional decrease of 25 and 27%, respectively. In both experiments, the best control of decay was attained when treatments with SBC and UV-C light were combined and the efficacy depended upon the sequence of application. Synergistic effects were found by applying the salt before UV-C light. When 6 or 12 kJm(-2) were employed following the 2% SBC treatment, no disease symptoms developed for either pathogens in both experiments. The same combination with 3 kJm(-2) resulted in a nearly 5 fold increase of efficacy compared to the sole light treatment. The combined treatments controlled the two pathogens to valuable levels and, since no quality losses were observed during storage, they could be considered as a suitable approach to contain postharvest losses of this fruit.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plum had the highest decay from both pathogens.
- Taxon
- plum
Prunus domesticat0 - Treatment
- untreated (control)e0
- Outcome
- degree of decaye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, the highest degree of decay caused by the two pathogens was monitored when fruit stayed untreated (control)”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium bicarbonate alone gave negligible decay reduction.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sole salte0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- negligible reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negligible reduction was achieved by treating with the sole salt”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C at 3 kJm(-2) alone gave negligible decay reduction.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 3 kJm(-2) UV-C lighte0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- negligible reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negligible reduction was achieved by treating with the sole salt or with a 3 kJm(-2) UV-C light.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C at 6 kJm(-2) reduced P. expansum decay by 35% versus control.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6 kJm(-2)e0
- Interactor
- P. expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- P. expansume0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control (89 +/- 3% decay), the treatment of wound-inoculated fruit with 6 kJm(-2) provided a 35 and 38% reduction of P. expansum and B. cinerea decay, respectively.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C at 6 kJm(-2) reduced B. cinerea decay by 38% versus control.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6 kJm(-2)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- B. cinerea decaye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control (89 +/- 3% decay), the treatment of wound-inoculated fruit with 6 kJm(-2) provided a 35 and 38% reduction of P. expansum and B. cinerea decay, respectively.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C at 12 kJm(-2) gave a further 25% decrease in P. expansum decay.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, 12 kJm(-2) provided an additional decrease of 25 and 27%, respectively.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C at 12 kJm(-2) gave a further 27% decrease in B. cinerea decay.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, 12 kJm(-2) provided an additional decrease of 25 and 27%, respectively.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SBC and UV-C provided the best decay control in both experiments.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SBC and UV-C lighte0
- Outcome
- control of decaye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, the best control of decay was attained when treatments with SBC and UV-C light were combined”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying salt before UV-C had synergistic effects.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- applying the salt before UV-C lighte0
- Outcome
- Synergistic effectse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects were found by applying the salt before UV-C light.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
After 2% SBC followed by 6 kJm(-2) UV-C, no disease symptoms developed.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 6e0
- Outcome
- no disease symptoms developede0
- Qualifier
- 2% SBC treatmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 6 or 12 kJm(-2) were employed following the 2% SBC treatment, no disease symptoms developed for either pathogens in both experiments.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
After 2% SBC followed by 12 kJm(-2) UV-C, no disease symptoms developed.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 12 kJm(-2)e0
- Outcome
- no disease symptoms developede0
- Qualifier
- 2% SBC treatmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 6 or 12 kJm(-2) were employed following the 2% SBC treatment, no disease symptoms developed for either pathogens in both experiments.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined 3 kJm(-2) treatment gave nearly fivefold higher efficacy than light alone.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combination with 3 kJm(-2)e0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- nearly 5 folde0
- Comparator
- sole light treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same combination with 3 kJm(-2) resulted in a nearly 5 fold increase of efficacy compared to the sole light treatment.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments caused no observed quality loss during storage.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Outcome
- quality lossese0
- Direction
- no quality lossese0
- Setting
- during storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no quality losses were observed during storage”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider combined treatments suitable to contain plum postharvest losses.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Outcome
- suitable approach to contain postharvest lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they could be considered as a suitable approach to contain postharvest losses of this fruit.”
t0“plum (Prunus domestica cv Stanley)”