Abstract
An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs) to determine the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on growth, yield and yield attributes of wheat. Wheat (var. WR 544) was grown with two levels of carbon dioxide i.e., ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (550 ± 20 ppm) and three levels of temperature i.e., ambient, ambient + 1.5°C and ambient + 3.0°C during rabi (November to April) seasons of 2013–14 and 2014–15 in New Delhi, India. Elevated CO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 21.36% with greater grain number and harvest index (HI) by 6.56% compared to ambient CO2. Biological yield, straw yield and other yield attributes also increased with elevated CO2. Elevated temperature by 1.5°C and 3.0°C decreased grain yield by 9.39% and 18.18%, respectively. Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2, straw yield, biological yield but decreased days to 50% anthesis, plant height, number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1. The study showed that elevated CO2 had positive effects, whereas elevated temperature had negative effects on growth and yield of wheat. With elevation of both CO2 and temperature, elevated CO2 reduced the negative effects of elevated temperature on yield and yield components of wheat.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat grain yield by 21.36% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- WR 544e1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 21.36%e2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e2
- Setting
- open top chamberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e1“Wheat (var. WR 544)”
e2“Elevated CO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 21.36% with greater grain number and harvest index (HI) by 6.56% compared to ambient CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat harvest index by 6.56% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 6.56%e2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e2“Elevated CO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 21.36% with greater grain number and harvest index (HI) by 6.56% compared to ambient CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat grain number compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- grain numbere2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e2“Elevated CO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 21.36% with greater grain number and harvest index (HI) by 6.56% compared to ambient CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased biological yield and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e3
- Outcome
- Biological yield, straw yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e3“Biological yield, straw yield and other yield attributes also increased with elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased other yield attributes of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e3
- Outcome
- other yield attributese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e3“Biological yield, straw yield and other yield attributes also increased with elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature by 1.5°C decreased wheat grain yield by 9.39%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Elevated temperature by 1.5°Ce4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 9.39%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e4“Elevated temperature by 1.5°C and 3.0°C decreased grain yield by 9.39% and 18.18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature by 3.0°C decreased wheat grain yield by 18.18%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3.0°Ce4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 18.18%e4
- Qualifier
- Elevated temperaturee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e4“Elevated temperature by 1.5°C and 3.0°C decreased grain yield by 9.39% and 18.18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased wheat number of tillers and spikes per m2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperaturee5
- Outcome
- number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2e5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e5“Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2, straw yield, biological yield but decreased days to 50% anthesis, plant height, number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased wheat straw yield and biological yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperaturee5
- Outcome
- straw yield, biological yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e5“Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2, straw yield, biological yield but decreased days to 50% anthesis, plant height, number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature decreased days to 50% anthesis and plant height of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperaturee5
- Outcome
- days to 50% anthesis, plant heighte5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e5“Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2, straw yield, biological yield but decreased days to 50% anthesis, plant height, number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature decreased number of grains and grain weight per spike of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperaturee5
- Outcome
- number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1e5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e5“Simultaneous elevation of CO2 and temperature increased number of tiller m−2, number of spike m−2, straw yield, biological yield but decreased days to 50% anthesis, plant height, number of grains spike−1 and grain weight spike−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had positive effects on wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e6
- Outcome
- growth and yielde6
- Direction
- positive effectse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e6“The study showed that elevated CO2 had positive effects, whereas elevated temperature had negative effects on growth and yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature had negative effects on wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee6
- Outcome
- growth and yielde6
- Direction
- negative effectse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e6“The study showed that elevated CO2 had positive effects, whereas elevated temperature had negative effects on growth and yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced the negative effects of elevated temperature on wheat yield and yield components when both were elevated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e7
- Outcome
- negative effects of elevated temperature on yield and yield componentse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- With elevation of both CO2 and temperaturee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in open top chambers (OTCs)”
e7“With elevation of both CO2 and temperature, elevated CO2 reduced the negative effects of elevated temperature on yield and yield components of wheat”
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