Abstract
Abstract Storing ‘McIntosh’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) initially in 1.0% or 1.5% CO 2 plus 1.0% O 2 at 3°C (LO) was more effective in retarding firmness loss than initial storage in 4.5% or 5.0% CO 2 plus 3.0% O 2 at 3° (SCA), indicating that early exposure to LO suppressed the subsequent rate of softening in SCA. ‘McIntosh’ firmness retention, determined 1 day after storage and after 7 days at 20°, decreased with fruit maturity for all LO and SCA storage regimens, but mature fruit tended to soften more rapidly in SCA after being exposed initially to LO. Initial storage in SCA for >75 days with subsequent storage in LO (in 1984) did not result in firmer apples than those stored continuously in SCA. The initial exposure period in LO needed to induce retention of apple firmness depended on cultivar and temperature. For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°. Poststorage evolution of CO 2 and C 2 H 4 and the severity of senescent disorders generally decreased with continuing storage in LO, but the incidence of low-O 2 injury increased. Poststorage ethanol evolution increased with exposure to 1.0% O 2 in ‘McIntosh’ apples stored at 0°, and ‘Spartan’ apples held at either 0° or 3°. Chemical name used: butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Initial low-oxygen storage retarded McIntosh firmness loss more effectively than initial standard controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- 1.0% or 1.5% CO 2 plus 1.0% O 2 at 3°C (LO)e0
- Outcome
- firmness losse0
- Direction
- retardinge0
- Comparator
- 4.5% or 5.0% CO 2 plus 3.0% O 2 at 3° (SCA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storing ‘McIntosh’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) initially in 1.0% or 1.5% CO 2 plus 1.0% O 2 at 3°C (LO) was more effective in retarding firmness loss than initial storage in 4.5% or 5.0% CO 2 plus 3.0% O 2 at 3° (SCA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early low-oxygen exposure suppressed subsequent softening in standard controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- early exposure to LOe0
- Outcome
- rate of softeninge0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early exposure to LO suppressed the subsequent rate of softening in SCA”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
McIntosh firmness retention decreased with maturity across storage regimens.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Organ / stage
- fruit maturitye0
- Outcome
- firmness retentione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 1 day after storage and after 7 days at 20°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘McIntosh’ firmness retention, determined 1 day after storage and after 7 days at 20°, decreased with fruit maturity for all LO and SCA storage regimens”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature fruit tended to soften faster in SCA following initial LO exposure.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- mature fruite0
- Treatment
- exposed initially to LOe0
- Outcome
- softene0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- tendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature fruit tended to soften more rapidly in SCA after being exposed initially to LO”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial SCA for over 75 days followed by LO did not produce firmer apples than continuous SCA in 1984.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Initial storage in SCA for >75 days with subsequent storage in LOe0
- Outcome
- firmer applese0
- Direction
- did not result in firmere0
- Comparator
- stored continuously in SCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initial storage in SCA for >75 days with subsequent storage in LO (in 1984) did not result in firmer apples than those stored continuously in SCA”
Claim · model-written summary
McIntosh maximum firmness required 7.5 months of initial LO at 0°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LO at 0°e0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Spartan maximum firmness required 4.5 months of initial LO at 0°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LO at 0°e0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden Delicious maximum firmness required 1.5 months of initial LO at 0°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LOe0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.5 monthse0
- Qualifier
- at 0°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
McIntosh maximum firmness required 4.5 months of initial LO at 3°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LOe0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.5e0
- Qualifier
- at 3°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Spartan maximum firmness required 3.0 months of initial LO at 3°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LOe0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.0e0
- Qualifier
- at 3°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden Delicious maximum firmness required 3.0 months of initial LO at 3°.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- initial exposure to LOe0
- Outcome
- post-storage fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.0 monthse0
- Qualifier
- at 3°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively, maximum post-storage fruit firmness was reached after 7.5, 4.5, and 1.5 months of initial exposure to LO at 0° and after 4.5, 3.0, and 3.0 months at 3°.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuing LO storage generally decreased poststorage CO2 and ethylene evolution and senescent disorder severity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- continuing storage in LOe0
- Outcome
- Poststorage evolution of CO 2 and C 2 H 4 and the severity of senescent disorderse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poststorage evolution of CO 2 and C 2 H 4 and the severity of senescent disorders generally decreased with continuing storage in LO”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
LO storage increased low-oxygen injury incidence.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- continuing storage in LOe0
- Outcome
- incidence of low-O 2 injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with continuing storage in LO, but the incidence of low-O 2 injury increased”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 1.0% oxygen increased ethanol evolution in McIntosh stored at 0°.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- exposure to 1.0% O 2e0
- Outcome
- Poststorage ethanol evolutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stored at 0°e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poststorage ethanol evolution increased with exposure to 1.0% O 2 in ‘McIntosh’ apples stored at 0°”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 1.0% oxygen increased ethanol evolution in Spartan held at 0° or 3°.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- exposure to 1.0% O 2e0
- Outcome
- Poststorage ethanol evolutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- held at either 0° or 3°e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poststorage ethanol evolution increased with exposure to 1.0% O 2 in ‘McIntosh’ apples stored at 0°, and ‘Spartan’ apples held at either 0° or 3°.”
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