Abstract
Irrigation management for corn (Zea mays L.) production on the typical low water holding capacity soil of the southeastern USA needs to be improved to increase irrigation efficiency and reduce losses of nitrate from fields. A threeyear (2012-2014) field study was conducted to compare the effects of three irrigation scheduling methods: Irrigator Pro (IPRO); normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and soil water potentials (SWP) and two levels of nitrogen (N) (157 and 224 kg N ha -1 ) on nitrate level, water-use, and yield of corn grown on four soil types in the Coastal Plains, USA. Yield of corn was not affected by irrigation methods or soil types. Both yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of corn differed among years. Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Leached nitrate varied significantly with irrigation and N management systems, but not with soil types. The IPRO method had the lowest concentration of nitrate (11.1 mg L -1 ) followed by SWP (16.5 mg L -1 ) and NDVI (17.9 mg L -1 ). The low N application rate resulted in a lower nitrate concentration (13.4 mg L -1 ) than the high N rate (17.0 mg L -1 ). Our results suggest that each irrigation method was able to adequately manage irrigation to produce adequate corn yields for the region. Since the IPRO method resulted in a lower nitrate concentration in the lysimeters, the results indicate that a scheduling method may be a way to reduce fertilizer N losses to leaching on these soils.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield did not differ by irrigation method or soil type.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- irrigation methodse0
- Outcome
- Yield of corne0
- Qualifier
- soil typese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of corn was not affected by irrigation methods or soil types.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield differed among years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Setting
- yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of corn differed among years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn water-use efficiency differed among years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Setting
- yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of corn differed among years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2012 was 15.6 Mg ha -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 15.6e0
- Setting
- 2012e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn water-use efficiency in 2012 was 29.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Value
- 29.8e0
- Setting
- 2012e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2013 was 10.5 Mg ha -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 10.5e0
- Setting
- 2013e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn water-use efficiency in 2013 was 16.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Value
- 16.8e0
- Setting
- 2013e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2014 was 13.5 Mg ha -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 13.5 Mg ha -1e0
- Setting
- 2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn water-use efficiency in 2014 was 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Value
- 23.8e0
- Setting
- 2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields and WUE were 15.6, 10.5 and 13.5 Mg ha -1 and 29.8, 16.8 and 23.8 kg grain ha -1 mm -1 in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Leached nitrate varied significantly with irrigation and nitrogen management systems, but not soil type.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- irrigation and N management systemse0
- Outcome
- Leached nitratee0
- Qualifier
- not with soil typese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leached nitrate varied significantly with irrigation and N management systems, but not with soil types.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
IPRO irrigation had nitrate concentration 11.1 mg L -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- IPROe0
- Outcome
- concentration of nitratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 11.1 mg L -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IPRO method had the lowest concentration of nitrate (11.1 mg L -1 ) followed by SWP (16.5 mg L -1 ) and NDVI (17.9 mg L -1 ).”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP irrigation had nitrate concentration 16.5 mg L -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- SWPe0
- Outcome
- concentration of nitratee0
- Value
- 16.5 mg L -1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IPRO method had the lowest concentration of nitrate (11.1 mg L -1 ) followed by SWP (16.5 mg L -1 ) and NDVI (17.9 mg L -1 ).”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI irrigation had nitrate concentration 17.9 mg L -1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- NDVIe0
- Outcome
- concentration of nitratee0
- Value
- 17.9 mg L -1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IPRO method had the lowest concentration of nitrate (11.1 mg L -1 ) followed by SWP (16.5 mg L -1 ) and NDVI (17.9 mg L -1 ).”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
The low nitrogen rate produced lower leachate nitrate concentration than the high nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- low N application ratee0
- Outcome
- nitrate concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 13.4 mg L -1e0
- Qualifier
- 17.0 mg L -1e0
- Comparator
- high N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low N application rate resulted in a lower nitrate concentration (13.4 mg L -1 ) than the high N rate (17.0 mg L -1 ).”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Each irrigation method adequately managed water for adequate regional corn yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- adequately manage irrigation to produce adequate corn yields for the regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each irrigation method was able to adequately manage irrigation to produce adequate corn yields for the region.”
Claim · model-written summary
IPRO scheduling may reduce fertilizer nitrogen losses by leaching on these soils.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- IPRO methode0
- Outcome
- reduce fertilizer N losses to leachinge0
- Qualifier
- may be a waye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the IPRO method resulted in a lower nitrate concentration in the lysimeters, the results indicate that a scheduling method may be a way to reduce fertilizer N losses to leaching on these soils.”
e1“corn grown on four soil types”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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See all 489 papers →irrigation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
224 papers in the same direction as this paper · 791 in the opposite direction
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See all 1,016 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.