Abstract
Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) systems are irrigation systems that are capable of applying different water depths both in the direction of travel and along the length of the irrigation system. However, when compared to traditional irrigation systems, VRI systems require a higher level of management. In this research, our objective was to evaluate and compare three irrigation management methods for their potential in managing VRI systems. The three irrigation management methods were the Irrigator Pro for Corn expert system, measured soil water potential (SWP), and remotely sensed crop vegetative indices (NDVI) to estimate crop coefficients. These irrigation treatments were implemented over six soil types under a VRI system for three years. Corn yields differed among years; average yields were 15.6 Mg ha-1 in 2012, 10.5 Mg ha-1 in 2013, and 13.5 Mg ha-1 in 2014. However, corn yields for the three irrigation treatments were not significantly different for any one year. The mean yearly irrigation applied in 2012, 2013, and 2014 was 57, 7, and 156Â mm, respectively. The mean water use efficiency (WUE) over the three years was significantly different, with values of 29.8, 16.8, and 23.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1 for 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. For each individual year, the WUE among irrigation treatments was not significantly different. For the six soils types, there were no significant differences for corn yield or WUE. The Irrigator Pro for Corn and NDVI treatments managed irrigations as well as the traditional SWP-based treatment under the VRI system from 2012 to 2014. Each of these irrigation treatments was able to adequately manage irrigation spatially and produce adequate crop yields for the region. Each of these irrigation management treatments could be used effectively to manage irrigations under a VRI system with different management zones.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2012 was 15.6 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- average yieldse1
- Value
- 15.6 Mg ha-1e1
- Setting
- 2012e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“average yields were 15.6 Mg ha-1 in 2012, 10.5 Mg ha-1 in 2013, and 13.5 Mg ha-1 in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2013 was 10.5 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- average yieldse1
- Value
- 10.5 Mg ha-1e1
- Setting
- 2013e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“average yields were 15.6 Mg ha-1 in 2012, 10.5 Mg ha-1 in 2013, and 13.5 Mg ha-1 in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Average corn yield in 2014 was 13.5 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- average yieldse1
- Value
- 13.5 Mg ha-1e1
- Setting
- 2014e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“average yields were 15.6 Mg ha-1 in 2012, 10.5 Mg ha-1 in 2013, and 13.5 Mg ha-1 in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields under the three irrigation treatments did not differ significantly in any year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- three irrigation treatmentse1
- Outcome
- corn yieldse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, corn yields for the three irrigation treatments were not significantly different for any one year”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency in 2012 was 29.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- mean water use efficiency (WUE)e1
- Value
- 29.8e1
- Setting
- 2012e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“The mean water use efficiency (WUE) over the three years was significantly different, with values of 29.8, 16.8, and 23.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1 for 2012, 2013, and 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency in 2013 was 16.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- mean water use efficiency (WUE)e1
- Value
- 16.8e1
- Setting
- 2013e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“The mean water use efficiency (WUE) over the three years was significantly different, with values of 29.8, 16.8, and 23.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1 for 2012, 2013, and 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency in 2014 was 23.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- mean water use efficiency (WUE)e1
- Value
- 23.8e1
- Setting
- 2014e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“The mean water use efficiency (WUE) over the three years was significantly different, with values of 29.8, 16.8, and 23.8 kg grain ha-1 mm-1 for 2012, 2013, and 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency did not differ among irrigation treatments within any single year.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- irrigation treatmentse1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Setting
- each individual yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“For each individual year, the WUE among irrigation treatments was not significantly different”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield and water use efficiency did not differ significantly among the six soil types.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- corn yield or WUEe1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Setting
- six soils typese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“For the six soils types, there were no significant differences for corn yield or WUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigator Pro for Corn and NDVI managed irrigation as well as the traditional SWP-based treatment under VRI from 2012 to 2014.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Irrigator Pro for Corn and NDVI treatmentse1
- Outcome
- managed irrigationse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- traditional SWP-based treatmente1
- Setting
- under the VRI system from 2012 to 2014e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“The Irrigator Pro for Corn and NDVI treatments managed irrigations as well as the traditional SWP-based treatment under the VRI system from 2012 to 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Each irrigation treatment produced adequate corn yields for the region.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- adequate crop yieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“Each of these irrigation treatments was able to adequately manage irrigation spatially and produce adequate crop yields for the region”
Claim · model-written summary
Each irrigation management treatment could be used effectively to manage irrigation under a VRI system with different management zones.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- manage irrigations under a VRI system with different management zonese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields differed among years”
e1“Each of these irrigation management treatments could be used effectively to manage irrigations under a VRI system with different management zones”
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