Abstract
The effects of copper deficiency on developmental morphology and on age related metabolic activity, water utilization, stomatal response to light and leaf senescence in the sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were monitored by sampling single leaves representing each leaf pair at designated harvest times during much of the vegetative lifespan. Plants grown in nutrient solutions lacking copper exhibited no apparent abnormalities during early vegetative growth and leaf morphology differed little from controls. There were no significant differences in rates of respiratory oxygen uptake of basal leaves between minus copper and controls. The effects of copper deficiency on rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were related to leaf age: rates were lower than controls in young basal leaves but higher as these leaves approached senescence. Both respiration and photosynthesis were more susceptible to KCN inhibition in minus copper leaves than in controls. There were no differences in cumulative water use per plant during the first five weeks after transfer of seedlings to nutrient solutions and only minor differences in stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium levels in ambient greenhouse light. Both minus copper and control leaves exhibited a sequential loss of stomatal function. Decay in the turgor driven opening response to light preceded loss of light dependent uptake of potassium into guard cells. Both changes in stomatal response to light occurred before major breakdown of chlorophyll. Basal leaves of sunflowers grown in minus copper nutrient solution tended to be retained longer and exhibited delayed loss of chlorophyll.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficient plants had no apparent early vegetative abnormalities and little leaf morphology difference from controls.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- nutrient solutions lacking coppere0
- Outcome
- early vegetative growth and leaf morphologye0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in nutrient solutions lacking copper exhibited no apparent abnormalities during early vegetative growth and leaf morphology differed little from controls”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf respiratory oxygen uptake did not differ significantly between minus copper and controls.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese0
- Treatment
- minus coppere0
- Outcome
- rates of respiratory oxygen uptakee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in rates of respiratory oxygen uptake of basal leaves between minus copper and controls”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficient young basal leaves had lower photosynthetic oxygen evolution than controls.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- young basal leavese0
- Treatment
- copper deficiencye1
- Outcome
- rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolutione1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rates were lower than controls in young basal leaves but higher as these leaves approached senescence”
e1“The effects of copper deficiency on rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were related to leaf age”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficient basal leaves approaching senescence had higher photosynthetic oxygen evolution than controls.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- these leaves approached senescencee0
- Treatment
- copper deficiencye1
- Outcome
- rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolutione1
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rates were lower than controls in young basal leaves but higher as these leaves approached senescence”
e1“The effects of copper deficiency on rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were related to leaf age”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration and photosynthesis were more susceptible to KCN inhibition in minus copper leaves.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- minus coppere0
- Outcome
- respiration and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Qualifier
- KCN inhibitione0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both respiration and photosynthesis were more susceptible to KCN inhibition in minus copper leaves than in controls”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative water use per plant did not differ in the first five weeks after transfer.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nutrient solutionse0
- Outcome
- cumulative water use per plante0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Qualifier
- first five weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in cumulative water use per plant during the first five weeks after transfer of seedlings to nutrient solutions”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium levels differed only slightly in ambient greenhouse light.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- minus coppere1
- Outcome
- stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium levelse0
- Direction
- minor differencese0
- Comparator
- control leavese1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only minor differences in stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium levels in ambient greenhouse light”
e1“Both minus copper and control leaves exhibited a sequential loss of stomatal function”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both copper deficient and control leaves sequentially lost stomatal function.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Material
- minus copper and control leavese0
- Outcome
- sequential loss of stomatal functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both minus copper and control leaves exhibited a sequential loss of stomatal function”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of turgor driven light opening preceded loss of light dependent potassium uptake.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- turgor driven opening response to lighte0
- Qualifier
- preceded loss of light dependent uptake of potassium into guard cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decay in the turgor driven opening response to light preceded loss of light dependent uptake of potassium into guard cells”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in stomatal light response occurred before major chlorophyll breakdown.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- changes in stomatal response to lighte0
- Qualifier
- before major breakdown of chlorophylle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both changes in stomatal response to light occurred before major breakdown of chlorophyll”
t0“Helianthus annuus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaves grown without copper tended to be retained longer.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse0 - Treatment
- minus copper nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Basal leavese0
- Direction
- retained longere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal leaves of sunflowers grown in minus copper nutrient solution tended to be retained longer and exhibited delayed loss of chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaves grown without copper showed delayed chlorophyll loss.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse0
- Treatment
- minus copper nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- loss of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal leaves of sunflowers grown in minus copper nutrient solution tended to be retained longer and exhibited delayed loss of chlorophyll”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- no effect
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →copper atom · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- negative
copper atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- positive
- positive
fertilization · physiology: water · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 134 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
142 papers more in this group
See all 146 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.