Abstract
The root cap covers the tip of the root and functions to protect the root from environmental stress. Cells in the last layer of the root cap are known as border cells, or border-like cells (BLCs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These cells separate from the rest of the root cap and are released from its edge as a layer of living cells. BLC release is developmentally regulated, but the mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor NIN-LIKE PROTEIN7 (NLP7) is required for the proper release of BLCs in Arabidopsis. Mutations in NLP7 lead to BLCs that are released as single cells instead of an entire layer. NLP7 is highly expressed in BLCs and is activated by exposure to low pH, a condition that causes BLCs to be released as single cells. Mutations in NLP7 lead to decreased levels of cellulose and pectin. Cell wall-loosening enzymes such as CELLULASE5 (CEL5) and a pectin lyase-like gene, as well as the root cap regulators SOMBRERO and BEARSKIN1/2, are activated in nlp7-1 seedlings. Double mutant analysis revealed that the nlp7-1 phenotype depends on the expression level of CEL5 Mutations in NLP7 lead to an increase in susceptibility to a root-infecting fungal pathogen. Together, these data suggest that NLP7 controls the release of BLCs by acting through the cell wall-loosening enzyme CEL5.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The transcription factor NLP7 is required for the proper release of border-like cells in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae7 - Gene
- NIN-LIKE PROTEIN7 (NLP7)e0
- Outcome
- proper release of BLCse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcription factor NIN-LIKE PROTEIN7 (NLP7) is required for the proper release of BLCs in Arabidopsis”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in NLP7 caused border-like cells to be released as single cells instead of an entire layer.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Treatment
- Mutations in NLP7e0
- Gene
- NLP7e0
- Outcome
- BLCs that are released as single cells instead of an entire layere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in NLP7 lead to BLCs that are released as single cells instead of an entire layer”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NLP7 is highly expressed in border-like cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Organ / stage
- BLCse0
- Gene
- NLP7e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NLP7 is highly expressed in BLCs”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NLP7 is activated by exposure to low pH, a condition that causes border-like cells to be released as single cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Treatment
- exposure to low pHe0
- Gene
- NLP7e1
- Outcome
- activatede0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is activated by exposure to low pH”
e1“NLP7 is highly expressed in BLCs”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in NLP7 lead to decreased levels of cellulose and pectin.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Treatment
- Mutations in NLP7e0
- Gene
- NLP7e0
- Outcome
- levels of cellulose and pectine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in NLP7 lead to decreased levels of cellulose and pectin”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
CELLULASE5 (CEL5) and a pectin lyase-like gene were activated in nlp7-1 seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Material
- nlp7-1e0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Gene
- CELLULASE5 (CEL5) and a pectin lyase-like genee0
- Outcome
- activatede0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell wall-loosening enzymes such as CELLULASE5 (CEL5) and a pectin lyase-like gene, as well as the root cap regulators SOMBRERO and BEARSKIN1/2, are activated in nlp7-1 seedlings”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The root cap regulators SOMBRERO and BEARSKIN1/2 were activated in nlp7-1 seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Material
- nlp7-1e0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Gene
- SOMBRERO and BEARSKIN1/2e0
- Outcome
- activatede0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root cap regulators SOMBRERO and BEARSKIN1/2, are activated in nlp7-1 seedlings”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The nlp7-1 phenotype depends on the expression level of CEL5, as shown by double mutant analysis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Material
- nlp7-1e0
- Gene
- CEL5e0
- Outcome
- nlp7-1 phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nlp7-1 phenotype depends on the expression level of CEL5”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in NLP7 increase susceptibility to a root-infecting fungal pathogen.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Treatment
- Mutations in NLP7e0
- Interactor
- root-infecting fungal pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility to a root-infecting fungal pathogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in NLP7 lead to an increase in susceptibility to a root-infecting fungal pathogen”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that NLP7 controls the release of border-like cells by acting through the cell wall-loosening enzyme CEL5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae7
- Gene
- NLP7e0
- Outcome
- release of BLCse0
- Qualifier
- acting through the cell wall-loosening enzyme CEL5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NLP7 controls the release of BLCs by acting through the cell wall-loosening enzyme CEL5”
e7“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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