Abstract
The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration adversely affect several quality traits of rice grains, but the biochemical mechanism remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine how changes in the source-sink relationship affected rice quality. Source-sink manipulation was achieved by free-air CO2 enrichment from tillering to maturity and partial removal of spikelet at anthesis using a japonica rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23. Enrichment with CO2 decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice, but increased the grain chalkiness. In contrast, spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration, and much less grain chalkiness. Neither CO2 enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content, but the distribution of starch granule size showed distinct treatment effects. On average, spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 µm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively, and increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 µm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively. In contrast, CO2 elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 µm) and decreasing that of <5 µm. The starch pasting properties were affected by spikelet removal much more than by CO2 elevation. These results indicated that the protein concentration and starch granule size played a role in chalkiness formation under these experimental conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment decreased head rice percentage and protein concentration.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Enrichment with CO2e0
- Outcome
- head rice percentage and protein concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment with CO2 decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased grain chalkiness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Enrichment with CO2e0
- Outcome
- grain chalkinesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment with CO2 decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice, but increased the grain chalkiness”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal increased head rice percentage and protein concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale0
- Outcome
- head rice percentage and protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal reduced grain chalkiness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale0
- Outcome
- grain chalkinesse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration, and much less grain chalkiness”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment did not change starch content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither CO2 enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal did not change starch content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither CO2 enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal decreased starch granules over 10 µm by 23.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale0
- Outcome
- percentage of starch granules of diameter >10e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 µm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal decreased 5–10 µm starch granules by 5.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 µm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal increased 2–5 µm starch granules by 4.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale1
- Outcome
- diameter of 2–5e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 µm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively”
t0“rice”
e1“spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal increased starch granules under 2 µm by 3.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 µm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively”
t0“rice”
e1“spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 elevation increased the proportion of starch granules over 5 µm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 elevatione0
- Outcome
- proportion of large starch granules (>5 µm)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 µm) and decreasing that of <5 µm”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 elevation decreased the proportion of starch granules under 5 µm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 elevatione0
- Outcome
- that of <5 µme0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 µm) and decreasing that of <5 µm”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet removal changed starch pasting properties more than CO2 elevation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spikelet removale0
- Outcome
- starch pasting propertiese0
- Direction
- much moree0
- Comparator
- CO2 elevatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The starch pasting properties were affected by spikelet removal much more than by CO2 elevation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein concentration and starch granule size were implicated in chalkiness formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- chalkiness formatione0
- Qualifier
- protein concentration and starch granule sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein concentration and starch granule size played a role in chalkiness formation under these experimental conditions”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →co2 · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.