Abstract
The present work was undertaken to investigate the effect of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages in rice plants on its leaf area growth and on the nitrogen levels in the individual leaf blades, and furthermore to establish nitrogen translocation and distribution into the various plant parts. For these purposes, 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate was used as a tracer in order to measure absorption of nitrogen fertilizer, and to follow the translocation of absorbed 15N-labelled nitrogen into grains from the other plant parts. The results obtained are as follows. 1. A marked increase was found in leaf area growth of the rice plant by top-dressing of nitrogen during the growth stages of tillering to branch differentiation, but it was not found to occur after the boot stage. During the ripening period a decrease of the leaf area growth was significantly suppressed by top-dressing. The contents of total nitrogen, soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf blades greatly increased by top-dressing after the boot stage and these values were much higher than the corresponding values at the tillering and branch differentiation stages. 2. The leaf area growth of individual leaf blades was effectively promoted when nitrogen was top-dressed sometime before the emergence of the leaf in question. For example, the growth of 12th and 13th leaf area was more accelerated by top-dressing at the 11th leaf elongating stage and the growth of 13th and 14th leaf area by top-dressing at the 12th leaf elongating stage. However, after the boot stage nitrogen fertilization was ineffective on the leaf area growth. 3. Of the two rice varieties used, Kamenoo showed a relatively higher growth of leaf area as compared with Hatsukaori. By top-dressing of nitrogen, the increased leaf area growth was more obvious in the former variety than in the latter one. The extent of leaf area growth was marked when nitrogen fertilizer was top-dressed at the tillering or branch differentiation stages. On the contrary, Hatsukaori showed higher levels of total nitrogen, and soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf blades rather than increasing the leaf area growth by top-dressing of nitrogen. 4. The translocation of top-dressed nitrogen into individual leaf blades differed considerably with the growth stages at which labelled nitrogen was supplied. 15N-labelled nitrogen supplied at the tillering stage (11th leaf stage) tended to accumulate into the just elongating 12th leaf blades whereas 15N supplied at the stage of branch differentiation stage (12th leaf stage) was predominatingly translocated and deposited in the upper 13th and 14th leaf blades. However, after the boot stage little or no difference was found in distribution of 15N-labelled nitrogen among the individual leaf blades, and 15N-labelled nitrogen tended to accumulate mainly into the developing ears rather than the other plant parts (leaf blades and leaf sheath+culms). 5. The percentages of 15N distributed to sink were 52, 58, 70 and 72 for nitrogen top-dressed at the tillering, branch differentiation, boot and heading stages, respectively. These data agreed with the results that the grain-N content together with glutelin (one of the reserve proteins) increased markedly by top-dressing of nitrogen at the boot and heading stages.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressing from tillering to branch differentiation markedly increased rice leaf area growth.
- Taxon
- rice plant
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- leaf area growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- tillering to branch differentiatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A marked increase was found in leaf area growth of the rice plant by top-dressing of nitrogen during the growth stages of tillering to branch differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization after the boot stage was ineffective for rice leaf area growth.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area growthe0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
- Qualifier
- after the boot stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, after the boot stage nitrogen fertilization was ineffective on the leaf area growth.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing significantly suppressed the decline in rice leaf area growth during ripening.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- top-dressinge0
- Outcome
- decrease of the leaf area growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- ripening periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the ripening period a decrease of the leaf area growth was significantly suppressed by top-dressing.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing after boot greatly increased total nitrogen, soluble protein and Fraction-1 protein contents in rice leaf blades.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- top-dressing after the boot stagee0
- Outcome
- contents of total nitrogen, soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf bladese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of total nitrogen, soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf blades greatly increased by top-dressing after the boot stage”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Those leaf-blade nitrogen and protein contents were higher after boot-stage top-dressing than after tillering or branch-differentiation top-dressing.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- these valuese0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- tillering and branch differentiation stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these values were much higher than the corresponding values at the tillering and branch differentiation stages”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressing before leaf emergence promoted growth of individual rice leaf blades.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen was top-dressed sometime before the emergence of the leaf in questione0
- Outcome
- leaf area growth of individual leaf bladese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area growth of individual leaf blades was effectively promoted when nitrogen was top-dressed sometime before the emergence of the leaf in question.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing at the 11th-leaf elongation stage accelerated growth of the 12th and 13th rice leaves.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- top-dressing at the 11th leaf elongating stagee0
- Outcome
- growth of 12th and 13th leaf areae0
- Direction
- more acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of 12th and 13th leaf area was more accelerated by top-dressing at the 11th leaf elongating stage”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing at the 12th-leaf elongation stage accelerated growth of the 13th and 14th rice leaves.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- top-dressing at the 12th leaf elongating stagee0
- Outcome
- growth of 13th and 14th leaf areae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of 13th and 14th leaf area by top-dressing at the 12th leaf elongating stage”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Kamenoo had greater leaf area growth than Hatsukaori.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Material
- Kamenooe0
- Outcome
- growth of leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Hatsukaorie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kamenoo showed a relatively higher growth of leaf area as compared with Hatsukaori.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressing increased leaf area growth more in Kamenoo than in Hatsukaori.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- leaf area growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- latter onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By top-dressing of nitrogen, the increased leaf area growth was more obvious in the former variety than in the latter one.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Hatsukaori had higher total nitrogen, soluble protein and Fraction-1 protein levels in leaf blades with nitrogen top-dressing.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hatsukaorie0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- levels of total nitrogen, and soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf bladese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hatsukaori showed higher levels of total nitrogen, and soluble and Fraction-1 proteins in the leaf blades rather than increasing the leaf area growth by top-dressing of nitrogen.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice nitrogen translocation to leaf blades varied with the growth stage of nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- translocation of top-dressed nitrogen into individual leaf bladese0
- Direction
- differed considerablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The translocation of top-dressed nitrogen into individual leaf blades differed considerably with the growth stages at which labelled nitrogen was supplied.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supplied at tillering tended to accumulate in the elongating 12th rice leaf blade.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 15N-labelled nitrogen supplied at the tillering stage (11th leaf stage)e0
- Outcome
- accumulate into the just elongating 12th leaf bladese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15N-labelled nitrogen supplied at the tillering stage (11th leaf stage) tended to accumulate into the just elongating 12th leaf blades”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supplied at branch differentiation accumulated predominantly in upper 13th and 14th rice leaf blades.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 15N supplied at the stage of branch differentiation stage (12th leaf stage)e0
- Outcome
- deposited in the upper 13th and 14th leaf bladese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15N supplied at the stage of branch differentiation stage (12th leaf stage) was predominatingly translocated and deposited in the upper 13th and 14th leaf blades”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
After boot stage, labelled nitrogen was distributed similarly among individual rice leaf blades.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- distribution of 15N-labelled nitrogen among the individual leaf bladese0
- Direction
- little or no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after the boot stage little or no difference was found in distribution of 15N-labelled nitrogen among the individual leaf blades”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
After boot stage, labelled nitrogen accumulated mainly in developing rice ears rather than other plant parts.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 15N-labelled nitrogen tended to accumulate mainly into the developing earse0
- Direction
- mainlye0
- Comparator
- other plant parts (leaf blades and leaf sheath+culms)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15N-labelled nitrogen tended to accumulate mainly into the developing ears rather than the other plant parts (leaf blades and leaf sheath+culms)”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressed at tillering distributed 52% of labelled nitrogen to the sink.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen top-dressed at the tilleringe0
- Outcome
- 15N distributed to sinke0
- Value
- 52e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of 15N distributed to sink were 52, 58, 70 and 72 for nitrogen top-dressed at the tillering, branch differentiation, boot and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressed at branch differentiation distributed 58% of labelled nitrogen to the sink.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- branch differentiatione0
- Outcome
- 15N distributed to sinke0
- Value
- 58e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of 15N distributed to sink were 52, 58, 70 and 72 for nitrogen top-dressed at the tillering, branch differentiation, boot and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressed at boot distributed 70% of labelled nitrogen to the sink.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- boote0
- Outcome
- 15N distributed to sinke0
- Value
- 70e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of 15N distributed to sink were 52, 58, 70 and 72 for nitrogen top-dressed at the tillering, branch differentiation, boot and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen top-dressed at heading distributed 72% of labelled nitrogen to the sink.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- heading stagese0
- Outcome
- 15N distributed to sinke0
- Value
- 72e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of 15N distributed to sink were 52, 58, 70 and 72 for nitrogen top-dressed at the tillering, branch differentiation, boot and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“rice plant”
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