Abstract
Although the effect of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on drought alleviation has been studied, there is little information on the role of Ca as a drought stress reliever in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Lactuca sativa plants were grown in a soil/ sand mixture (1 /9 v /v) with application of a nutrient solution containing increasing amounts of Ca. The water stress was imposed by dipping the plant root systems in the appropriate polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution for 22 h. The calcium increase in the medium decreased the colonizing ability of the fungi (Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum) assayed, but did not affect the growth of the mycorrhizal plants. In contrast, the control plants decreased their growth when the calcium reached 8 mM. Under both severe and moderate stress, mycorrhizal plants had decreased praline accumulation in response to the increase in Ca availability, indicating that mycorrhizal plants suffered less from the detrimental effect of PEG-induced water stress as a consequence of the Ca increase in the medium. Results of treatments on relative water content (RWC) paralleled those of praline. With 4 mM Ca in the medium, the mycorrhizal plants were more negatively affected by PEG application than the control plants, but above this calcium level the praline content decreased and the RWC increased in mycorrhizal plants. In the control plants the behaviour was reversed. This response could be due to the higher membranous surface area in mycorrhizal plants than in nonmycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, the application and uptake of increasing amounts of Ca enhances the tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to PEG-induced water stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increased calcium reduced fungal colonization.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- calcium increase in the mediume0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- colonizing ability of the fungie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calcium increase in the medium decreased the colonizing ability of the fungi (Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum) assayed”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased calcium reduced G. fasciculatum colonization.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- calcium increase in the mediume0
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonizing ability of the fungie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calcium increase in the medium decreased the colonizing ability of the fungi (Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum) assayed”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium did not affect mycorrhizal plant growth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- calcium applicationt0
- Outcome
- growth of the mycorrhizal plantse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but did not affect the growth of the mycorrhizal plants”
t0“calcium application on the tolerance of mycorrhizal lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had lower growth at 8 mM calcium.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- calcium reached 8 mMe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the control plants decreased their growth when the calcium reached 8 mM”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe and moderate stress, calcium decreased proline accumulation in mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in Ca availabilitye0
- Outcome
- praline accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Under both severe and moderate stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under both severe and moderate stress, mycorrhizal plants had decreased praline accumulation in response to the increase in Ca availability”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative water content paralleled proline response.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of treatments on relative water content (RWC) paralleled those of praline”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 mM calcium, PEG affected mycorrhizal plants more negatively than controls.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- PEG applicatione0
- Outcome
- more negatively affectede0
- Direction
- more negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- With 4 mM Ca in the mediume0
- Comparator
- the control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 4 mM Ca in the medium, the mycorrhizal plants were more negatively affected by PEG application than the control plants”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 4 mM calcium, mycorrhizal plant proline content declined.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- praline contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- above this calcium levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above this calcium level the praline content decreased and the RWC increased in mycorrhizal plants”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 4 mM calcium, mycorrhizal plant RWC increased.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- above this calcium levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above this calcium level the praline content decreased and the RWC increased in mycorrhizal plants”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants showed a reversed response.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- behaviour was reversede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the control plants the behaviour was reversed”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed higher membrane surface area as an explanation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- This responsee0
- Qualifier
- higher membranous surface areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This response could be due to the higher membranous surface area in mycorrhizal plants than in nonmycorrhizal plants”
t0“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium enhanced mycorrhizal tolerance to PEG water stress.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- application and uptake of increasing amounts of Cae0
- Outcome
- tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to PEG-induced water stresse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application and uptake of increasing amounts of Ca enhances the tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to PEG-induced water stress”
t0“lettuce plants”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.