Abstract
A 2-year experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of exogenously applied plant growth regulators (PGR) on rice growth and yield attributes under high day (HDT) and high night temperature (HNT). Two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) were subjected to temperature treatments in controlled growth chambers and four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha-tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA), and triazoles (Tr) were applied. High temperature severely affected rice morphology, and also reduced leaf area, above-, and below-ground biomass, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency, while increased the leaf water potential of both rice cultivars. Grain yield and its related attributes except number of panicles, were reduced under high temperature. The HDT posed more negative effects on rice physiological attributes, while HNT was more detrimental for grain formation and yield. The Huanghuazhan performed better than IR-64 under high temperature stress with better growth and higher grain yield. Exogenous application of PGRs was helpful in alleviating the adverse effects of high temperature. Among PGR combinations, the Vc+Ve+MejA+Br was the most effective treatment for both cultivars under high temperature stress. The highest grain production by Vc+Ve+MejA+Br treated plants was due to enhanced photosynthesis, spikelet fertility and grain filling, which compensated the adversities of high temperature stress. Taken together, these results will be of worth for further understanding the adaptation and survival mechanisms of rice to high temperature and will assist in developing heat-resistant rice germplasm in future.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced rice leaf area and above and below ground biomass.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leaf area, above-, and below-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature severely affected rice morphology, and also reduced leaf area, above-, and below-ground biomass”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced rice photosynthesis and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- High temperaturet0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced leaf area, above-, and below-ground biomass, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased leaf water potential in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- High temperaturet0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the leaf water potential of both rice cultivars”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced grain yield and related attributes except panicle number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Grain yield and its related attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except number of paniclese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield and its related attributes except number of panicles, were reduced under high temperature”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High day temperature had more negative effects on physiological attributes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- HDTe0
- Outcome
- rice physiological attributese0
- Direction
- more negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HDT posed more negative effects on rice physiological attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
High night temperature was more detrimental to grain formation and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HNTe0
- Outcome
- grain formation and yielde0
- Direction
- more detrimentale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HNT was more detrimental for grain formation and yield”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Huanghuazhan had better growth and higher grain yield than IR-64 under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Huanghuazhane0
- Outcome
- growth and higher grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR-64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Huanghuazhan performed better than IR-64 under high temperature stress with better growth and higher grain yield”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator application alleviated the adverse effects of high temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of PGRse0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of high temperaturee0
- Direction
- alleviatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of PGRs was helpful in alleviating the adverse effects of high temperature”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Vc+Ve+MejA+Br was the most effective regulator combination for both cultivars under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Vc+Ve+MejA+Bre0
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Vc+Ve+MejA+Br was the most effective treatment for both cultivars under high temperature stress”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The Vc+Ve+MejA+Br treatment yielded the highest grain production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Vc+Ve+MejA+Bre0
- Outcome
- grain productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain production by Vc+Ve+MejA+Br treated plants”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the highest grain production under Vc+Ve+MejA+Br to enhanced photosynthesis, spikelet fertility and grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Vc+Ve+MejA+Bre1
- Outcome
- grain productione1
- Qualifier
- enhanced photosynthesis, spikelet fertility and grain fillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was due to enhanced photosynthesis, spikelet fertility and grain filling”
t0“Rice under High Temperature”
e1“The highest grain production by Vc+Ve+MejA+Br treated plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.