Abstract
Electron microscopic observations were made on the ultrastructural changes of the chloroplasts of leaf-blade mesophyll cells in the 3rd leaf which was fully expanded and the 5th leaf which was developing at the start of temperature treatments. The temperature treatments were started at 3.2 to 3.3 leaf number stage. The varieties used were Sasanishiki (japonica), IR 24 (indica) and Milyang No. 23 (japonica×indica). 1. Under normal temperature (25°/20°C), the leaf color of the 5th leaf was white when it was 3 to 4 mm length, yellowish white when it elongated to 2 to 3 cm length, and green when it emerged 4 to 5 cm above the 4th leaf sheath. The plastids of mesophyll cells developed from proplastids to chloroplasts along with greening of the leaf, and with increasing of their grana and thylakoid stratum resulted from fusion of vesicles (Fi9. 1-7). 2. Under low temperature (17°/12°C) for 2 weeks, the greening of the 5th leaf was suppressed; the leaf color of Sasanishiki became light green, and yellowish in those of Milyang No. 23 and IR 24. The Chloroplasts of Sasanishiki contained large starch grains and a considerable number of grana, but those of Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 contained small starch grains and numerous vesicles without forming normal grana (Fig. 8-10). The 5th leaf grown under 1 week normal temperature after 2 weeks low temperature pretreatment, restored its color to green. The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in all varieties rapidly restored grana formation, degrees of the restoration being higher in Sasanishiki, Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 in that order (Fig. 11-13). 3. Under low temperature for 1 or 2 weeks, the 3rd leaf discolored; light green in Sasanishiki, yellow or brown in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24. Under low temperature for 1 week, the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in all varieties contained large starch granis and limited number of grana-thylakoids (Fig. l7-19). After 2 weeks of low temperature, the chloroplasts in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 contained macrograna, but no starch grains, and decreased number of grana. Single thylakoids arranged parallel with the chloroplast envelope were often observed (Fig. 20-23). The chloroplasts of the subepidermal cells of the adaxial surface contained numerous vesicles which might be formed from separated thylakoids (Fig. 24, 25). The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells only in IR 24 contained phytoferritin in stroma (Fig. 23). 4. The subepidermal cells of the adaxial surface of the 3rd leaf in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24, which became brown due to low temperature for 1 or 2 weeks, formed dehydrated masses which contained large starch grains. The chloroplast envelope became indistinguishable (Fig. 26, 27).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal temperature, fifth leaves changed from white to yellowish white to green as they elongated.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- 5th leafe0
- Outcome
- leaf colore0
- Qualifier
- normal temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf color of the 5th leaf was white when it was 3 to 4 mm length, yellowish white when it elongated to 2 to 3 cm length, and green when it emerged 4 to 5 cm above the 4th leaf sheath”
t0“Rice Seedling”
e1“Under normal temperature (25°/20°C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesophyll plastids developed into chloroplasts with leaf greening and increased grana and thylakoid stratum.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cellse0
- Outcome
- developed from proplastids to chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plastids of mesophyll cells developed from proplastids to chloroplasts along with greening of the leaf, and with increasing of their grana and thylakoid stratum resulted from fusion of vesicles”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature suppressed greening of the fifth leaf.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low temperature (17°/12°C) for 2 weekse0
- Outcome
- greening of the 5th leafe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low temperature (17°/12°C) for 2 weeks, the greening of the 5th leaf was suppressed”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
After low temperature, fifth leaf color was light green in Sasanishiki and yellowish in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- leaf colore0
- Qualifier
- light green, and yellowishe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf color of Sasanishiki became light green, and yellowish in those of Milyang No. 23 and IR 24”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Sasanishiki chloroplasts under low temperature contained large starch grains and considerable grana.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sasanishikie0
- Outcome
- large starch grains and a considerable number of granae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Chloroplasts of Sasanishiki contained large starch grains and a considerable number of grana”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 chloroplasts under low temperature contained small starch grains and many vesicles without normal grana.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- small starch grains and numerous vesicles without forming normal granae0
- Qualifier
- Milyang No. 23 and IR 24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 contained small starch grains and numerous vesicles without forming normal grana”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
A week at normal temperature after two weeks of low temperature restored fifth leaf color to green.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 5th leafe0
- Treatment
- 1 week normal temperature after 2 weeks low temperature pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- colore0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5th leaf grown under 1 week normal temperature after 2 weeks low temperature pretreatment, restored its color to green”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast grana formation recovered rapidly in all varieties, most in Sasanishiki, then Milyang No. 23, then IR 24.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cellse0
- Outcome
- grana formatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in all varieties rapidly restored grana formation, degrees of the restoration being higher in Sasanishiki, Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 in that order”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature discolored third leaves light green in Sasanishiki and yellow or brown in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low temperature for 1 or 2 weekse0
- Outcome
- 3rd leaf discolorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low temperature for 1 or 2 weeks, the 3rd leaf discolored; light green in Sasanishiki, yellow or brown in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
After one week of low temperature, all varieties had chloroplasts with large starch grains and limited grana-thylakoids.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low temperature for 1 weeke0
- Outcome
- large starch granis and limited number of grana-thylakoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low temperature for 1 week, the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in all varieties contained large starch granis and limited number of grana-thylakoids”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
After two weeks of low temperature, Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 chloroplasts had macrograna, no starch grains and fewer grana.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- macrograna, but no starch grains, and decreased number of granae0
- Qualifier
- Milyang No. 23 and IR 24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 2 weeks of low temperature, the chloroplasts in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 contained macrograna, but no starch grains, and decreased number of grana”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Single thylakoids parallel to the chloroplast envelope were often observed.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Single thylakoids arranged parallel with the chloroplast envelopee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single thylakoids arranged parallel with the chloroplast envelope were often observed”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Adaxial subepidermal chloroplasts contained numerous vesicles.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- subepidermal cells of the adaxial surfacee0
- Outcome
- numerous vesiclese0
- Qualifier
- might be formed from separated thylakoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chloroplasts of the subepidermal cells of the adaxial surface contained numerous vesicles which might be formed from separated thylakoids”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Only IR 24 mesophyll chloroplasts contained phytoferritin in the stroma.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR 24e0
- Outcome
- phytoferritin in stromae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells only in IR 24 contained phytoferritin in stroma”
t0“Rice Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature-browned adaxial subepidermal cells of Milyang No. 23 and IR 24 formed dehydrated masses containing large starch grains, with indistinguishable chloroplast envelopes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 3rd leafe0
- Outcome
- dehydrated masses which contained large starch grainse0
- Qualifier
- Milyang No. 23 and IR 24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The subepidermal cells of the adaxial surface of the 3rd leaf in Milyang No. 23 and IR 24, which became brown due to low temperature for 1 or 2 weeks, formed dehydrated masses which contained large starch grains. The chloroplast envelope became indistinguishable”
t0“Rice Seedling”
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