Abstract
Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere. Plants particularly remarkable in this respect are orchids and several other epiphytes, Scindapsus officinalis, Ficus and cucurbits. Most of the isolates appear to be biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The more active strains fixed more than 5 mg N g−1 glucose utilized and reduced more than 100 nmol C2H2 mg−1 cell d. w h−1. The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings. In IR-26 rice or Sonalika and Janak wheat grown on soil in wooden flats or earthenware pots, 22 per cent of the 161 cultures studied caused increased height and about three-quarters of the cultures enhanced dry weight by more than 50 per cent; chlorophyll and N-contents were enhanced more than 50 per cent by about half and two-thirds of the cultures respectively. In N-free sand culture 26 of the 50 promising strains doubled N-content, and 30 doubled dry weight of the tested plants. In some cases dry weight, number of grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight were increased by 300, 70–83 and 126–158 per cent respectively; N-content of straw and seed was increased three- or fourfold. In several cases the beneficial effects were found to match closely the performance of plants receiving ammonium sulphate.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
N2-fixing micro-organisms were found in the phyllosphere of more than 50% of angiosperm leaf samples.
Verbatim
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
N2-fixing micro-organisms were found in the phyllosphere of 25% of pteridophyte and gymnosperm leaf samples.
Verbatim
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchids and several other epiphytes were particularly remarkable for phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms.
Verbatim
e1“Plants particularly remarkable in this respect are orchids and several other epiphytes, Scindapsus officinalis, Ficus and cucurbits”
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Scindapsus officinalis, Ficus and cucurbits were particularly remarkable for phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms.
Verbatim
e1“Plants particularly remarkable in this respect are orchids and several other epiphytes, Scindapsus officinalis, Ficus and cucurbits”
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates appear to be biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Taxon
- green plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniaee2symbiont - Outcome
- biotypese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
e2“Most of the isolates appear to be biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
The more active phyllosphere N2-fixing strains fixed more than 5 mg N per g glucose utilized.
- Taxon
- green plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- N2-fixing micro-organismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- strains fixede3
- Value
- more than 5 mg N g−1 glucose utilizede3
Verbatim
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
e3“The more active strains fixed more than 5 mg N g−1 glucose utilized and reduced more than 100 nmol C2H2 mg−1 cell d. w h−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The more active phyllosphere N2-fixing strains reduced more than 100 nmol C2H2 per mg cell dry weight per hour.
- Taxon
- green plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- N2-fixing micro-organismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- reducede3
- Value
- more than 100 nmol C2H2 mg−1 cell d. w h−1e3
Verbatim
e0“Of the 560 leaf samples belonging to 259 species of green plants examined more than 50 per cent of the Angiosperms and 25 per cent of the Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms revealed the presence of N2-fixing micro-organisms in their phyllosphere”
e3“The more active strains fixed more than 5 mg N g−1 glucose utilized and reduced more than 100 nmol C2H2 mg−1 cell d. w h−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates sprayed on IR-26 rice increased height in 22 per cent of the 161 cultures.
- Taxon
- IR-26 ricee5
- Material
- IR-26e5
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- heighte5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 22 per cente5
- Setting
- soil in wooden flats or earthenware potse5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In IR-26 rice or Sonalika and Janak wheat grown on soil in wooden flats or earthenware pots, 22 per cent of the 161 cultures studied caused increased height”
Claim · model-written summary
About three-quarters of the phyllosphere N2-fixing cultures increased rice dry weight by more than 50 per cent.
- Taxon
- IR-26 ricee5
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weighte6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- more than 50 per cente6
- Qualifier
- about three-quarterse6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In IR-26 rice or Sonalika and Janak wheat grown on soil in wooden flats or earthenware pots, 22 per cent of the 161 cultures studied caused increased height”
e6“about three-quarters of the cultures enhanced dry weight by more than 50 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll was enhanced by more than 50 per cent in about half of the phyllosphere N2-fixing cultures.
- Taxon
- IR-26 ricee5
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophylle7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- more than 50 per cente7
- Qualifier
- about halfe7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In IR-26 rice or Sonalika and Janak wheat grown on soil in wooden flats or earthenware pots, 22 per cent of the 161 cultures studied caused increased height”
e7“chlorophyll and N-contents were enhanced more than 50 per cent by about half and two-thirds of the cultures respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N-content was enhanced by more than 50 per cent in two-thirds of the phyllosphere N2-fixing cultures.
- Taxon
- IR-26 ricee5
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- N-contentse7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- more than 50 per cente7
- Qualifier
- two-thirdse7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In IR-26 rice or Sonalika and Janak wheat grown on soil in wooden flats or earthenware pots, 22 per cent of the 161 cultures studied caused increased height”
e7“chlorophyll and N-contents were enhanced more than 50 per cent by about half and two-thirds of the cultures respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In N-free sand culture, 26 of the 50 promising phyllosphere strains doubled rice and wheat N-content.
- Taxon
- rice and wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivume4 - Treatment
- promising strainse5
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- N-contente5
- Direction
- doublede5
- Value
- 26 of the 50e5
- Setting
- N-free sand culturee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In N-free sand culture 26 of the 50 promising strains doubled N-content”
Claim · model-written summary
In N-free sand culture, 30 of the promising phyllosphere strains doubled dry weight of the tested plants.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- promising strainse5
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weighte6
- Direction
- doublede6
- Setting
- N-free sand culturee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“In N-free sand culture 26 of the 50 promising strains doubled N-content”
e6“30 doubled dry weight of the tested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates increased N-content of straw and seed of rice three- or fourfold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Organ / stage
- straw and seede5
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- N-content of straw and seede5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- three- or fourfolde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“N-content of straw and seed was increased three- or fourfold”
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial effects of phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates matched closely the performance of rice receiving ammonium sulphate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free mediae4
- Interactor
- phyllosphere N2-fixing isolatese4symbiont
- Outcome
- the beneficial effectse5
- Direction
- match closelye5
- Comparator
- ammonium sulphatee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The efficacy of the phyllosphere N2-fixing isolates for N-nutrition of host plants was studied by spraying suspensions of the cultures grown on N-free media on rice and wheat seedlings”
e5“the beneficial effects were found to match closely the performance of plants receiving ammonium sulphate”
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See all 222 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.