Abstract
We used Pisolithus tinctorius and Cenococcum geophilum to determine the copper (Cu) resistance of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and their potential for improving phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil by Chinese red pine (Pinus tabulaeformis). The results showed that nutrient accumulation in C. geophilum mycelium was significantly lower under higher Cu concentrations in the soil, which was not observed in P. tinctorius. Meanwhile, P. tinctorius exhibited greater Cu tolerance than C. geophilum. Inoculation with ECM fungi significantly improved the growth of pine shoots planted in polluted soil in pot experiments (p < 0.01). The total accumulated Cu in pine seedlings planted in Cu-contaminated soil increased by 72.8% and 113.3% when inoculated with P. tinctorius and C. geophilum, respectively, indicating that ECM fungi may help their host to phytoextract heavy metals. Furthermore, the majority of the total absorbed metals remained in the roots, confirming the ability of ECM fungi to promote heavy metal phytostabilization. There were no differences between the effects of the two fungi in helping the host stabilize and absorb Cu, even though they have different Cu tolerances. Inoculation with ECM fungi can benefit plant establishment in polluted environments and assist plants with phytoremediating heavy-metal-contaminated soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Higher soil Cu was associated with lower nutrient accumulation in C. geophilum mycelium.
- Treatment
- higher Cu concentrations in the soile0
- Interactor
- C. geophilum
Cenococcum geophilume0symbiont - Outcome
- nutrient accumulation in C. geophilum myceliume0
- Direction
- lowere0
PinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrient accumulation in C. geophilum mycelium was significantly lower under higher Cu concentrations in the soil”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. tinctorius showed greater Cu tolerance than C. geophilum.
- Interactor
- P. tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont - Outcome
- P. tinctorius exhibited greater Cu tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- C. geophilume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. tinctorius exhibited greater Cu tolerance than C. geophilum”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
ECM fungal inoculation improved pine shoot growth in polluted soil.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with ECM fungie0
- Interactor
- ECM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of pine shootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with ECM fungi significantly improved the growth of pine shoots planted in polluted soil in pot experiments (p < 0.01)”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. tinctorius inoculation raised accumulated Cu in pine seedlings by 72.8%.
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- P. tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total accumulated Cu in pine seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 72.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total accumulated Cu in pine seedlings planted in Cu-contaminated soil increased by 72.8% and 113.3% when inoculated with P. tinctorius and C. geophilum, respectively”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
C. geophilum inoculation raised accumulated Cu in pine seedlings by 113.3%.
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. tinctorius and C. geophilume0
- Interactor
- C. geophilumCenococcum geophilume0symbiont
- Outcome
- total accumulated Cu in pine seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 113.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total accumulated Cu in pine seedlings planted in Cu-contaminated soil increased by 72.8% and 113.3% when inoculated with P. tinctorius and C. geophilum, respectively”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Most absorbed metals remained in pine roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority of the total absorbed metals remained in the roots”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
The two fungi did not differ in effects on host Cu stabilization and absorption.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences between the effects of the two fungi in helping the host stabilize and absorb Cu”
t0“pine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude ECM inoculation can aid plant establishment and phytoremediation in polluted soil.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with ECM fungie0
- Interactor
- ECM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- benefit plant establishment in polluted environments and assist plants with phytoremediating heavy-metal-contaminated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with ECM fungi can benefit plant establishment in polluted environments and assist plants with phytoremediating heavy-metal-contaminated soils”
t0“pine”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.