Abstract
In plant, glyoxalases [glyoxalase I (Gly-I, EC: 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase II (Gly-II, EC: 3.1.2.6)] and glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC: 2.5.1.18) are major detoxification enzymes. On the other hand, spermidine (Spd) is important polyamine (PA) with significant role which interacts with stress protection mechanisms functioning in common against different types of stress. In this study, exogenous Spd was applied on onion seedlings to investigate its protective role through regulation of glyoxalase and GST activities. Continuous increase was observed in the content of methylglyoxal (MG) in onion leaves under salinity, and at 7 day of stress, MG contents increased by 260% over control. Application of Spd reduced the MG contents in saline treated seedlings through increasing glyoxalase mediated detoxification by 21 and 48% at 1 and 3 day of stress, respectively. Salinity increased Gly-I and Gly-II activities which was further increased by Spd upto 3 day of stress. On the other hand, salinity increased GST activity by 14, 55, 93 and 109% over control at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectively. Application of Spd increased the activity in stressed seedlings at 3 day of stress while 21% higher activity was found. However, after 3 days, both glyoxalases and GST activities in Spd treated seedlings decreased and became almost similar to those in drought stressed seedlings without Spd. Considering the results, application of Spd in onion seedlings improved tolerance for short period of salinity.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased onion leaf methylglyoxal content by 260% at day seven.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- salinityt0
- Outcome
- MG contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 260%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 7 day of stress, MG contents increased by 260% over control”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine reduced methylglyoxal in saline seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Application of Spde0
- Outcome
- MG contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd reduced the MG contents in saline treated seedlings”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased glyoxalase detoxification by 21% at day one.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spermidinet0
- Outcome
- glyoxalase mediated detoxificatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 21e0
- Qualifier
- 1 and 3 day of stress, respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing glyoxalase mediated detoxification by 21 and 48% at 1 and 3 day of stress, respectively”
t0“Spermidine Enhances Activities of Detoxification Enzymes in Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased glyoxalase detoxification by 48% at day three.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spermidinet0
- Outcome
- glyoxalase mediated detoxificatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Qualifier
- 1 and 3 day of stress, respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing glyoxalase mediated detoxification by 21 and 48% at 1 and 3 day of stress, respectively”
t0“Spermidine Enhances Activities of Detoxification Enzymes in Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Gly-I and Gly-II activities.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Gly-I and Gly-II activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity increased Gly-I and Gly-II activities”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine further increased glyoxalase activities through day three.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- increasede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was further increased by Spd upto 3 day of stress”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased GST activity 14% on day one.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14e0
- Qualifier
- 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased GST activity by 14, 55, 93 and 109% over control at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectively”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased GST activity 55% on day three.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased GST activity by 14, 55, 93 and 109% over control at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectively”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased GST activity 93% on day five.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 93e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased GST activity by 14, 55, 93 and 109% over control at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectively”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased GST activity 109% on day seven.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 109%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased GST activity by 14, 55, 93 and 109% over control at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day, respectively”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine raised GST activity 21% in stressed seedlings on day three.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd increased the activity in stressed seedlings at 3 day of stress while 21% higher activity was found”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
After day three, glyoxalase and GST activities decreased in spermidine treated seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- glyoxalases and GST activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 3 days, both glyoxalases and GST activities in Spd treated seedlings decreased”
t0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedlings Under Short Term Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine improved short term salinity tolerance in onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- application of Spde0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Spd in onion seedlings improved tolerance for short period of salinity”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · molecular: metabolites · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
spermidine · disease · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.