Abstract
This research studies the role of spermidine (Spd) in conferring tolerance in onion seedlings under oxidative sress, caused by NaCl. Stress condition was applied on two months old onion seedlings by adding 10 gL-1 of NaCl, where 100 µM of Spd was sprayed twice daily before counting the stress duration. Under salinity stress, seedlings were observed for 7 days, and data were measured on relative leaf water, proline, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA), amine oxidases, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves. Salinity stress decreased the relative water content (RWC), where Spd application delayed the loss of RWC. Contrariwise, Spd increased the proline content in salinity stressed seedlings up to five days. Salinity increased the contents of superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA continuously and significantly with stress duration. More importantly, application of Spd decreased the ROS and MDA contents in stressed seedlings more effectively, up to three days of stress. Spd maintained higher activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) under salinity. Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in presence of Spd over salinity during the study period, suggested their ROS scavenging role under salinity stress. Conversely, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) played important role in reducing the oxdative stress for 3 to 5 days. Spd also maintained higher reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA) and their redox homeostasis in leaves during the study period. Thus, Spd observably confirms better tolerance in short term salinity. Key words: Spermidine, oxidative damage, salinity, antioxidants, onion seedlings.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress decreased the relative water content of onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onion seedlings
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 10 gL-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e0“Stress condition was applied on two months old onion seedlings by adding 10 gL-1 of NaCl, where 100 µM of Spd was sprayed twice daily before counting the stress duration”
e1“Salinity stress decreased the relative water content (RWC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine application delayed the loss of relative water content in salinity-stressed onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100 µM of Spde0
- Outcome
- loss of RWCe1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Comparator
- Salinity stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e0“Stress condition was applied on two months old onion seedlings by adding 10 gL-1 of NaCl, where 100 µM of Spd was sprayed twice daily before counting the stress duration”
e1“Salinity stress decreased the relative water content (RWC), where Spd application delayed the loss of RWC”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased proline content in salinity-stressed onion seedlings up to five days.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde2
- Outcome
- proline contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- up to five dayse2
- Comparator
- salinity stressed seedlingse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e2“Spd increased the proline content in salinity stressed seedlings up to five days”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased the contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and MDA in onion seedlings continuously and significantly with stress duration.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye3
- Outcome
- contents of superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDAe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- with stress duratione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e3“Salinity increased the contents of superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA continuously and significantly with stress duration”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine decreased ROS and MDA contents in stressed onion seedlings more effectively, up to three days of stress.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- application of Spde4
- Outcome
- ROS and MDA contentse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- up to three days of stresse4
- Comparator
- stressed seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e4“application of Spd decreased the ROS and MDA contents in stressed seedlings more effectively, up to three days of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine maintained higher activities of polyamine oxidase and diamine oxidase under salinity.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde5
- Outcome
- activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO)e5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- under salinitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e5“Spd maintained higher activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine maintained higher activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase over salinity during the study period.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde6
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)e6
- Direction
- Highere6
- Qualifier
- suggested their ROS scavenging role under salinity stresse6
- Comparator
- over salinitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e6“Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in presence of Spd over salinity during the study period, suggested their ROS scavenging role under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine maintained higher glutathione reductase activity over salinity during the study period.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde6
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e6
- Outcome
- activitiese6
- Direction
- Highere6
- Comparator
- over salinitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e6“Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in presence of Spd over salinity during the study period, suggested their ROS scavenging role under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase played an important role in reducing oxidative stress in onion seedlings for 3 to 5 days.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Gene
- glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)e7
- Outcome
- reducing the oxdative stresse7
- Qualifier
- for 3 to 5 dayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e7“Conversely, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) played important role in reducing the oxdative stress for 3 to 5 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine maintained higher reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and redox homeostasis in onion leaves during the study period.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- Spde7
- Compound
- reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA)e7
- Outcome
- reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA) and their redox homeostasise7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e7“Spd also maintained higher reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA) and their redox homeostasis in leaves during the study period”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine gives better tolerance to short-term salinity in onion seedlings.
- Taxon
- onion seedlingsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Spde7
- Outcome
- tolerance in short term salinitye7
- Direction
- bettere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Use of spermidine reduced the oxidative damage in onion seedlings under salinity by modulating antioxidants”
e7“Thus, Spd observably confirms better tolerance in short term salinity”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: water · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
spermidine · molecular: metabolites · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
spermidine · disease · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.