Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) may represent a viable inoculant carrier to replace peat and reduce production costs. In addition, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), as Paenibacillus, in association with rhizobia represents a new technology that can improve the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and crop productivity. Thus, the present research aimed to characterize the EPS that are produced by R. tropici and evaluate their effectiveness as carriers for cowpea inoculation. Initially, EPS were defined as a heteropolysaccharide polyanionic inert to bacterial strains. In addition, EPS were successful as vehicles for cowpea inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. compared to peat, enhancing the growth parameters and nitrogen fixation of these plants. Thus, EPS were used for cowpea inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus species to test the effectiveness of these carriers on unsterile soil. Cowpea development and productivity were observed after cowpea inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and P. graminis or with Bradyrhizobium sp. and P. durus, and simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. durus using EPS as carriers. Cowpea plants were collected in two stages, flowering and grain filling, and the plants that were co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus sp. produced better results. Simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. durus stood out from all treatments. Overall, the use of EPS that were produced by R. tropici and Paenibacillus species represents an emerging technology for the improvement of cowpea-rhizobia symbiosis due to the positive effects on BNF and crop productivity. Key words: Inoculant, plant growth-promoting bacteria, biological nitrogen fixation.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Exopolysaccharides as carriers improved growth parameters and nitrogen fixation of cowpea compared with peat.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae3 - Treatment
- EPSe3
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.
Bradyrhizobiume3symbiont - Outcome
- growth parameters and nitrogen fixatione3
- Direction
- enhancinge3
- Comparator
- peate3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“EPS were successful as vehicles for cowpea inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. compared to peat, enhancing the growth parameters and nitrogen fixation of these plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus sp. produced better results.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus sp.e5
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume5symbiont
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus sp.
Paenibacilluse5symbiont - Outcome
- resultse5
- Direction
- bettere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizobium tropici exopolysaccharides as carriers improve the symbiosis of cowpea”
e5“the plants that were co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus sp. produced better results”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. durus stood out from all treatments in cowpea development and productivity.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. duruse6
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume6symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. graminisPaenibacillus graminise6symbiont
- Outcome
- Cowpea development and productivitye4
- Direction
- stood oute6
- Qualifier
- P. duruse6
- Comparator
- all treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizobium tropici exopolysaccharides as carriers improve the symbiosis of cowpea”
e4“Cowpea development and productivity were observed after cowpea inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and P. graminis or with Bradyrhizobium sp. and P. durus, and simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. durus using EPS as carriers”
e6“Simultaneous co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., P. graminis and P. durus stood out from all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Exopolysaccharides produced by Rhizobium tropici are a heteropolysaccharide polyanionic inert to bacterial strains.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Rhizobium tropici exopolysaccharidest0
- Outcome
- heteropolysaccharide polyanionic inert to bacterial strainse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizobium tropici exopolysaccharides as carriers improve the symbiosis of cowpea”
e2“Initially, EPS were defined as a heteropolysaccharide polyanionic inert to bacterial strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Exopolysaccharides produced by R. tropici and Paenibacillus are an emerging technology for improving cowpea-rhizobia symbiosis.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Outcome
- an emerging technology for the improvement of cowpea-rhizobia symbiosise7
- Qualifier
- due to the positive effects on BNF and crop productivitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the use of EPS that were produced by R. tropici and Paenibacillus species represents an emerging technology for the improvement of cowpea-rhizobia symbiosis due to the positive effects on BNF and crop productivity”
The same questions in other papers
Bradyrhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
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- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.