Abstract
Thidlazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis in geranium (PelargonIum x hortorum Bailey) was readily achieved under both light and darkness. The hypocotyl explants treated with TOZ formed well differentiated embryos when Incubated under conditions of continuous light, complete darkness or 16-h photoperiod. However, embryogenesis was significantly Impaired by light at both 16h and continuous light exposure. Maintaining the cultures in the dark increased the frequency of the somatic embryos formed with a corresponding moderate elevation of the endogenous plant growth substances measured. In the complete absence of TOZ, all of the hypocotyl explants cultured in the dark remained thin but formed etiolated roots. The number of explants that formed roots decreased with increasing light exposure time; in addition the roots formed were shorter in length. The levels of endogenous adenine, adenosine, OHZ, zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP), tryptamine, IAA and ABA remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture In explants maintained on MSO and under continuous light, while they decreased on day 3 of culture. We provide evidence that the interaction between TOZ and light treatments modulated the endogenous plant growth substances, which in turn affected the embryogenic process In geranium hypocotyl explants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ-induced somatic embryogenesis in geranium was readily achieved under both light and darkness.
GeraniumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“Thidlazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis in geranium (PelargonIum x hortorum Bailey) was readily achieved under both light and darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenesis in geranium was significantly impaired by light at both 16 h and continuous exposure.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“embryogenesis was significantly Impaired by light at both 16h and continuous light exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Maintaining geranium cultures in the dark increased the frequency of somatic embryos formed.
- Treatment
- Maintaining the cultures in the darke1
- Outcome
- frequency of the somatic embryose1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“Maintaining the cultures in the dark increased the frequency of the somatic embryos formed with a corresponding moderate elevation of the endogenous plant growth substances measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark culture was accompanied by a moderate elevation of the measured endogenous plant growth substances.
- Treatment
- Maintaining the cultures in the darke1
- Outcome
- endogenous plant growth substancese1
- Direction
- elevatione1
- Qualifier
- moderatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“Maintaining the cultures in the dark increased the frequency of the somatic embryos formed with a corresponding moderate elevation of the endogenous plant growth substances measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Without TDZ, hypocotyl explants cultured in the dark remained thin but formed etiolated roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“In the complete absence of TOZ, all of the hypocotyl explants cultured in the dark remained thin but formed etiolated roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of explants forming roots decreased with increasing light exposure time.
- Treatment
- increasing light exposure timee1
- Outcome
- number of explants that formed rootse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“The number of explants that formed roots decreased with increasing light exposure time”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots formed were shorter with increasing light exposure time.
- Treatment
- increasing light exposure timee1
- Outcome
- roots formed were shorter in lengthe1
- Direction
- shortere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“The number of explants that formed roots decreased with increasing light exposure time; in addition the roots formed were shorter in length”
Claim · model-written summary
In explants on MSO under continuous light, endogenous adenine, adenosine and OHZ remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture and decreased on day 3.
- Treatment
- continuous lighte1
- Outcome
- levels of endogenous adenine, adenosine, OHZe1
- Qualifier
- remained elevated for the first 2 days of culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“The levels of endogenous adenine, adenosine, OHZ, zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP), tryptamine, IAA and ABA remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture In explants maintained on MSO and under continuous light, while they decreased on day 3 of culture”
Claim · model-written summary
In explants on MSO under continuous light, endogenous zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP) and tryptamine remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture and decreased on day 3.
- Treatment
- continuous lighte1
- Outcome
- zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP), tryptaminee1
- Qualifier
- remained elevated for the first 2 days of culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“The levels of endogenous adenine, adenosine, OHZ, zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP), tryptamine, IAA and ABA remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture In explants maintained on MSO and under continuous light, while they decreased on day 3 of culture”
Claim · model-written summary
In explants on MSO under continuous light, endogenous IAA and ABA remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture and decreased on day 3.
- Treatment
- continuous lighte1
- Outcome
- IAA and ABAe1
- Qualifier
- remained elevated for the first 2 days of culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“The levels of endogenous adenine, adenosine, OHZ, zeatin, isopentenyladenine (2IP), tryptamine, IAA and ABA remained elevated for the first 2 days of culture In explants maintained on MSO and under continuous light, while they decreased on day 3 of culture”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the interaction between TDZ and light modulated endogenous plant growth substances, which in turn affected the embryogenic process in geranium hypocotyl explants.
- Treatment
- TOZ and light treatmentse1
- Compound
- endogenous plant growth substancese1
- Outcome
- embryogenic processe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Geranium”
e1“the interaction between TOZ and light treatments modulated the endogenous plant growth substances, which in turn affected the embryogenic process In geranium hypocotyl explants”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.