Abstract
`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar, is susceptible to bitter pit, a physiological disorder that develops mainly during storage. Although the cause of bitter pit is unknown, calcium (Ca) content of the fruit is known to be involved. A field experiment was conducted in Chanhassen, Minn. to refine recommendations for use of Ca sprays for reduction of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' apple. Specific objectives were to determine: 1) Ca concentration and content throughout the fruit growing season; and 2) the association of bitter pit incidence with Ca concentration, crop load, vegetative growth and fruit size. Six treatments tested included: control; Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sprays all season; Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sprays early in the season; Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sprays late in the season; hand-thinning combined with Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sprays all season and hand-thinning. Ca concentration in fruits was measured bi-weekly using three different sampling methods: segments, cores and plugs. A randomized block design with four trees as experimental unit and five replications was used. Results suggest lower crop loads increase bitter pit incidence. While fruit from the thinned treatments was larger in size by the end of the experiment, no bitter pit was present at harvest. After 4 months of storage, the hand thinning treatment had 7.4% bitter pit, while thinning plus Ca reduced bitter pit to 2.4%. The other treatments had less than 1% bitter pit. Fruit analyses at the end of the growing season indicate that early and full season sprays resulted in the highest Ca concentration in fruit segments and cores. The lowest values were found for the thinning treatment. No association was found between vegetative growth and bitter pit incidence.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Lower crop loads were associated with higher bitter pit incidence in Honeycrisp apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- lower crop loadse2
- Outcome
- bitter pit incidencee2
- Direction
- increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e2“Results suggest lower crop loads increase bitter pit incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from thinned treatments was larger at the end of the experiment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thinned treatmentse3
- Outcome
- sizee3
- Direction
- largere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e3“While fruit from the thinned treatments was larger in size by the end of the experiment, no bitter pit was present at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
No bitter pit was present at harvest in the thinned treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thinned treatmentse3
- Outcome
- bitter pit was present at harveste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e3“While fruit from the thinned treatments was larger in size by the end of the experiment, no bitter pit was present at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
After 4 months of storage, hand thinning gave 7.4% bitter pit in Honeycrisp apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- hand thinninge4
- Outcome
- bitter pite4
- Value
- 7.4%e4
- Qualifier
- After 4 months of storagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e4“After 4 months of storage, the hand thinning treatment had 7.4% bitter pit, while thinning plus Ca reduced bitter pit to 2.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning plus Ca reduced bitter pit to 2.4% after storage, compared with hand thinning.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thinning plus Cae4
- Outcome
- bitter pite4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 2.4%e4
- Comparator
- hand thinninge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e4“After 4 months of storage, the hand thinning treatment had 7.4% bitter pit, while thinning plus Ca reduced bitter pit to 2.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
The other treatments had less than 1% bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- bitter pite5
- Value
- less than 1%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e5“The other treatments had less than 1% bitter pit”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and full season calcium sprays gave the highest Ca concentration in fruit segments and cores.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- fruit segments and corese6
- Treatment
- early and full season sprayse6
- Outcome
- Ca concentratione6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e6“early and full season sprays resulted in the highest Ca concentration in fruit segments and cores”
Claim · model-written summary
The thinning treatment had the lowest Ca concentration in fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thinning treatmente7
- Outcome
- Ca concentratione6
- Direction
- loweste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e6“early and full season sprays resulted in the highest Ca concentration in fruit segments and cores”
e7“The lowest values were found for the thinning treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth was not associated with bitter pit incidence in Honeycrisp apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- vegetative growthe2
- Outcome
- bitter pit incidencee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“`Honeycrisp', a relatively new apple cultivar”
e2“No association was found between vegetative growth and bitter pit incidence”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.