Abstract
Various osmotic solutions and solid carriers have been used to prime (controlled hydration followed by drying) seeds. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cvs. Brigadier and Earlidawn) seeds were primed in solutions of polyethylene glycol, potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), and mannitol or calcium silicate (Micro-ccl E) and vermiculite to determine which treatment provided the greatest enhancement of germination. Germination percentage and rate as well as head yield were determined in a series of laboratory, glasshouse, and field experiments over a three year period. Water potentials (Y) ranged from -0.8 to -2.6 MPa at 20°C for both osmotic solutions and carriers. The duration of the priming treatments were 3, 7, or 10 days. All priming treatments, except KNO 3 and mannitol, consistently reduced the mean time to germination in the laboratory, reduced the mean time to field emergence, increased final stands, but did not affect the mean time to harvest. However, solid phase was more effective than osmotic priming at each Ψ tested. The best solid priming mixture was 1.0:0.8:1.8 (seed:carrier:water) for 7 days at 20°C using Micro-cel E. This treatment was measured to have a Y = -1.2 MPa, and other types of priming at the same Y were less effective. The Y threshold below which no priming effect was obtained was Ψ= -2.4 MPa. Priming response was closely associated with, but not entirely dependent on, the Ψ of the treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Most priming treatments reduced laboratory mean time to germination.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean time to germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except KNO 3 and mannitole0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments, except KNO 3 and mannitol, consistently reduced the mean time to germination in the laboratory”
e1“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cvs. Brigadier and Earlidawn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most priming treatments reduced mean time to field emergence.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean time to field emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except KNO 3 and mannitole0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments, except KNO 3 and mannitol, consistently reduced the mean time to germination in the laboratory, reduced the mean time to field emergence”
e1“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cvs. Brigadier and Earlidawn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most priming treatments increased final stands.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- final standse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except KNO 3 and mannitole0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments, except KNO 3 and mannitol, consistently reduced the mean time to germination in the laboratory, reduced the mean time to field emergence, increased final stands”
e1“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cvs. Brigadier and Earlidawn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming did not affect mean time to harvest.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean time to harveste0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments, except KNO 3 and mannitol, consistently reduced the mean time to germination in the laboratory, reduced the mean time to field emergence, increased final stands, but did not affect the mean time to harvest”
e1“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cvs. Brigadier and Earlidawn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid phase priming was more effective than osmotic priming at each tested water potential.
- Taxon
- BROCCOLIBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- solid phasee0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- at each Ψ testede0
- Comparator
- osmotic priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“solid phase was more effective than osmotic priming at each Ψ tested”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-cel E solid priming mixture at 1.0:0.8:1.8 for seven days was best.
- Taxon
- BROCCOLIBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- 1.0:0.8:1.8 (seed:carrier:water) for 7 days at 20°C using Micro-cel Ee0
- Outcome
- best solid priming mixturee0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 1.0:0.8:1.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best solid priming mixture was 1.0:0.8:1.8 (seed:carrier:water) for 7 days at 20°C using Micro-cel E”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Other priming at the same water potential was less effective than the best mixture.
- Taxon
- BROCCOLIBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- other types of priminge0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Qualifier
- same Ye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other types of priming at the same Y were less effective”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no priming effect below a water potential threshold of Ψ= -2.4 MPa.
- Taxon
- BROCCOLIBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- no priming effecte0
- Direction
- no priming effecte0
- Value
- Ψ= -2.4 MPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Y threshold below which no priming effect was obtained was Ψ= -2.4 MPa”
t0“BROCCOLI”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming response was closely associated with treatment water potential but was not entirely dependent on it.
- Taxon
- BROCCOLIBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Ψ of the treatmente0
- Outcome
- Priming responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming response was closely associated with, but not entirely dependent on, the Ψ of the treatment”
t0“BROCCOLI”
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